Talmud – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Posted By richards on February 6, 2015
El Talmud () es una obra que recoge principalmente las discusiones rabnicas sobre leyes judas, tradiciones, costumbres, narraciones y dichos, parbolas, historias y leyendas.
Existen dos importantes versiones del Talmud: el Talmud de Jerusaln (Talmud Yerushlmi), que se redact en la entonces recin creada provincia romana llamada Philistea,[1] y el Talmud de Babilonia (Talmud Bvli), que fue redactado en la regin de Babilonia, en Mesopotamia. Ambas versiones fueron redactadas a lo largo de muchos siglos por generaciones de eruditos provenientes de muchas academias rabnicas establecidas desde la Antigedad en adelante.
El judasmo considera al Talmud ser la tradicin oral, mientras que la Tor (Pentateuco) constituye la tradicin escrita.[2]
El Talmud extiende, explica y complementa al Tanaj, pero no puede, por definicin, contradecir a la parte ms importante o esencia de la misma, a la Tor.
El Talmud est dividido en dos partes, la Mishn y la Guemar. La Mishn a su vez est formada por 6 rdenes (sedarim):
Existen dos Talmud: El de Jerusaln y el de Babilonia. El sistema de redaccin del Talmud consiste en una serie de leyes basadas en la tradicin oral de La Tor que fue redactada en un libro llamado (Mishn) a cuyos autores se les conoce como "Tanaim". sta es idntica tanto en el Talmud de Jerusaln como en el Talmud de Babilonia. La Guemar son las discusiones de sabios conocidos como "Amoraim" que explican la Mishn, y sus explicaciones fueron escritas en arameo. En estas explicaciones est la diferencia entre el Talmud de Jerusaln y el de Babilonia, mas las dos llegan a la misma conclusin solo que por caminos distintos.
En cuestin temtica el Talmud se divide en Halaj (textos de carcter legal) y Hagad (parbolas e historias). La tradicin oral del Pentateuco transmitida a Moiss est en su mayora en el Talmud, es por eso que es un libro fundamental de estudio para la religin juda.
Portada del Talmud de Babilonia, edicin de Vilna, 1881.
Primera pgina del "Tratado Brajot", el primero que se halla en el Talmud. Ntese que el texto original figura en el centro de la pgina, mientras que las notas e interpretaciones subsecuentes son dispuestas alrededor del mismo.
Pgina del "Tratado Pesajim", Talmud Babilnico Koren, edicin bilinge e ilustrada, publicada en Jerusaln.
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Talmud - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
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