B’nai B’rith Wikipdia
Posted By simmons on August 14, 2015
Un article de Wikipdia, l'encyclopdie libre.
LOrdre indpendant du B'nai B'rith ( , de l'hbreu: Les fils de l'Alliance) est la plus vieille organisation juive toujours en activit dans le monde. Calque sur les organisations maonniques, elle a t fonde New York, le 13 octobre 1843, par douze personnes, dont Henry Jones et deux frres, juifs migrs d'Allemagne, qui avaient appartenu la Socit des Frres (Brder Bund) qui joua un certain rle dans l'laboration de la Premire Internationale (Association internationale des travailleurs). Ils voulaient fonder un systme d'entraide pour les juifs arrivants aux tats-Unis et devant faire face des conditions de vie difficiles.
La premire action concrte, fut la cration d'une police d'assurance attribue aux membres (la mortalit des hommes au travail tant importante cette poque). Ainsi les veuves recevaient une somme pour les frais funraires, et une allocation de un dollar par semaine pour le reste de leur vie. Chaque enfant recevant galement une bourse et, pour les enfants mles, l'assurance d'apprendre un mtier.
C'est partir de cette base, de l'aide humanitaire et les services qu'un systme de loges et chapitres fraternels grandit aux tats-Unis, puis dans le monde entier (voir les "liens externes").
L'organisation, qui a affirm trs tt l'unit du peuple juif, est engage dans une grande varit de services communautaires et d'activits de soutien, incluant la promotion des droits pour les communauts juives, l'assistance aux hpitaux et aux victimes de catastrophes naturelles, la remise de bourses d'tudes aux tudiants juifs et la lutte contre l'antismitisme travers sa Ligue anti-diffamation (Anti-Defamation League). Le BB agit aussi en tant quorganisation non gouvernementale et intervient lONU, lUnesco, au Mercosur et au Conseil de lEurope. L'organisation est exclusivement rserve aux isralites et comprend plus de 500000 frres et surs dans une cinquantaine de pays[1]. En effet, cette poque, les loges maonniques n'taient pas ouvertes aux Juifs en Allemagne[2].
En plus de ses activits caritatives, le B'nai B'rith soutient la politique et la prennit de l'tat d'Isral et le mouvement sioniste.
En 2002, il a cr avec le AIPAC une initiative nomme BBYO 4 Israel.
Le Bnai Brith a activement apport de laide aux victimes de louragan Mitch, des tremblements de terre en Turquie, au Salvador et en Inde, la population civile au Kosovo et en Asie suite au Tsunami. Il travaille aussi sur de nombreux projets caritatifs concernant des hpitaux pour enfants l o son aide est accepte.
Chaque fin d'anne, la loge Ben Gourion organise le Salon des Ecrivains o des auteurs viennent ddicacer leurs ouvrages la mairie du 16e arrondissement de Paris.
La section canadienne de B'nai Brith (l'orthographe utilise par cette section ne comporte pas d'apostrophe dans le mot Brith) a t fonde en 1875 et est la plus vieille organisation juive du pays.
Le B'nai B'rith France existe depuis 1932 et constitue la section la plus importante du District europen, forte d'une soixantaine de cellules rparties dans cinq rgions: le-de-France - Provence Midi Pyrnes - Cte d'Azur - Est - Rhne-Alpes. Elle a son sige Paris.
Le B'nai B'rith est membre du Conseil reprsentatif des institutions juives de France. Le B'nai B'rith France participe activement aux principaux vnements qui concernent la vie juive en France. L'ancien prsident de la LICRA (1968-1993) Jean Pierre-Bloch en a t le prsident de 1974 1981. Ce dernier a remis la mdaille d'or du B'nai B'rith au prsident du Snat et candidat malheureux la prsidence de la Rpublique Alain Poher en 1979.
Le 22 janvier 1986, lors des forums en marge de l'assemble gnrale de l'Union franaise des associations B'na B'rith, l'association organisa des runions avec des politiciens franais (reprsentant le Parti rpublicain, le Parti socialiste, le Mouvement des radicaux de gauche et le Rassemblement pour la Rpublique) o ceux-ci s'engagrent ne passer aucune alliance avec le Front national[3],[4],[5]. Le journal de tendance nationaliste Prsent[6] dplora l'engagement des partis de droite, considrant qu'il s'agissait d'un diktat qui leur tait impos.
la fin des annes 1980, le B'nai B'rith milita pour l'adoption d'une loi visant la condamnation de toute publication et de tout discours discriminatoire de caractre racial ou antismite ainsi qu'une condamnation svre de toute ngation de l'extermination du peuple Juif[7]. Une loi reprenant ces points fut adopte le 13 juillet 1990 (loi Gayssot).
En France, le B'nai B'rith, compos de 63 loges, n'est pas considr comme loge maonnique par les trois plus grandes obdiences franaises (GODF, GLDF, et l'ex-GLNF).
La loge francophone du B'nai B'rith Jerusalem porte le nom de Robert Gamzon, fondateur du mouvement des claireurs isralites de France (EIF) en 1923.
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B'nai B'rith Wikipdia
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