Posted By admin on April 19, 2020
Its the ninth question on the census, and for many Jewish respondents, its a surprising and sometimes unwelcome invitation to consider who exactly they are.
For the first time, the U.S. Census question on race is asking white and African-American respondents to dig deeper and fill in more detailed origins.
Mark one or more boxes AND print origins, the printed form says. For white, it adds, Print, for example, German, Irish, English, Italian, Lebanese, Egyptian, etc.
The request for origins has existed for decades for Native American, Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander respondents. But whites and blacks were previously asked to simply check a box.
The question has launched countless Jewish conversations: What did you list? What should I?
The answers reveal a community grappling with what it means to announce ones Jewishness in the 21st century, and to consider the myriad paths that have brought American Jews to the present day.
I didnt see a box for stateless people being abused and kicked out of one Eastern European region after another, so this seemingly straight-forward question turned out to be quite a head-scratcher, said Jonathan Kopp, a communications strategist who lives in Brooklyn.
Kopp, 53, abandoned the form for a while before returning and checking white. He entered Eastern European Ashkenazi Jew in the origins box.
Jeff Weintraub, 72, an academic who lives in the Philadelphia area, said he thought the race/ethnicity/national-origin questions on the census form were a little bizarre.
I checked White and then, for elaboration, wrote something along the following lines in the box: Jewish grandparents from the former Russian Empire & the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, he said.
One complicating factor: The online census form makes it appear as if the origins question is not optional but it is.
Leave the space empty, click continue and the page wont change. The blank field will be highlighted, urging the user to fill it. Click one more time, however, and youre able to move to the 10th question without filling it in. Thats not explained on the census form.
That hurdle led some to believe that the origins question required typing in an answer.Ashkenazi, just because, said Debra Rubin, an editor in the Washington area. It didnt allow me to skip, and I dont understand why the question is there. I guess I could have put American.
Race has been a factor in the U.S. census since the first one, in 1790, but for the nations first century and a half, the answers were used as a means to codify rather than crush discrimination. The first census counted free white males, free white females, all other free persons and slaves.
Now it is a means of redressing discriminatory practices.
This data helps federal agencies monitor compliance with anti-discrimination provisions, such as those in the Voting Rights Act and the Civil Rights Act, it says on the census website.
For decades, the race category has had four broad categories: white, black, Native American and Asian, with some other race as the fifth option. Whether one is of Hispanic origin is a separate question.
This years extension of the origins option to whites and blacks was a result in part of lobbying by groups of Middle Eastern and North African origin who said their constituents were uncomfortable checking white and thought the some other race option was overly broad. For a period leading into the 2020 census, U.S. Census bureaucrats considered making MENA a separate category.
Many of those replying to a query for this story said they were not sure how to respond because their ancestors countries of origin no longer exist or have shifted borders, or because their ancestors were not precisely from a single place born in one country to parents from another. For many, Askenazi or Sephardic became a default because it expressed an ethnicity in a simple way.
The vast majority of my familys ancestral origins are Russian/Ukrainian Jews, but putting either of those didnt seem quite accurate, said Alex Dropkin, 29, a Chicago-area brewer who answered Ashkenazi. The whole national origin for Eastern European Jews is complicated and not at all translatable to [one] modern country.
Considering that history was also difficult emotionally, Dropkin said.
Family records for Russian Jews rarely exist and its hard to know very much more about our ancestors because of all the pogroms, he said.
Felicia Grossman checked white and entered American for origins after discussing it with her husband.
We all came early enough that we were never considered full citizens of any other country, and half the places dont exist anymore as it is (i.e. Bavaria, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire not to mention places that didnt exist and now do i.e., Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine), so theres an argument that its the most accurate answer, said Grossman, 37, an author of historical romances who lives in the Cleveland suburbs.
Lloyd Wolf, an Arlington photographer, packed as much as he knew into his answer.
I put in something like Jewish of German, Austrian and Polish origin because thats what my background is, at least the past several generations, he said on Facebook.
Morris Lewis, a health care consultant in Caldwell, N.J., said his neighbors growing up in Mississippi and Georgia were likelier to identify his family as Jewish than with the non-Jewish neighbors whose ancestors had arrived from the same countries.
We may have shared space with Poles, Germans, etc., but we have a completely separate ethnicity and culture, said Lewis, 59, who entered Ashkenazi Jewish.
Susan Turnbull, who lives in Washingtons Maryland suburbs and has held leadership positions in national Jewish organizations and the Democratic Party, took her cue from the categories made popular by the recent proliferation of DNA testing.
Ashkenazi Jewish 100 percent of my DNA description, she said.
Suellen Shapiro Kadis, a lawyer who lives in the Cleveland area, said she entered Russian but was not happy with it.
My dad was born in England on the way over. His immigration papers say Hebrew, which I always thought was a way to discriminate, but maybe its more accurate than my answer, she said.
Rafaella Gunz, a 26-year-old writer from New York, checked off white and entered Jewish.
I did this to document that though I am white in certain contexts, especially in the U.S., Im actually ethnically distinct and come from a group of people with our own unique history, Gunz said.
Some respondents welcomed the opportunity to celebrate their origins.
Judith Marks said she was proud to answer Ashkenazi Jewish.
Being Jewish is a huge part of my identity, its my primary identity, the program manager at a nonprofit in Boston said.
Marks, 31, said she thought the question could help shatter the sense of privilege among other whites.
Its important for me to identify as white because I benefit from white privilege and am perceived as white, Marks said. When you are forced to dig deeper, to go beyond the just Im white, youre put in the same boat as other people.
Others welcomed the opportunity to express in the census the otherness that they feel separates them from being simply white in America.
Rebecca Einstein Schorr, a rabbi at Lafayette College in Easton, Pa., checked some other race and entered Ashkenazic (Jewish).
My experience moving through society differs from those who are white, she said. The constant sense of being othered. The sense of anti-Semitism.
Some respondents were wary of the question.
I cant think of anything good the census bureau would be using the ethnicity origin data for, said Frederick Winter, 72, a retired federal employee living in Arlington. I understand that by law census data is not shared with other agencies, but I have my doubts.
He checked white and entered USA for origins.
For one couple, sensitivities about being Jewish in a non-Jewish society broke in opposite directions.
Gabriel Botnick, a Los Angeles-area rabbi, was set to enter the fifth option, some other race, and add Jewish because he does not identify as white he said I have been made to feel not white in the past. His wife, also a rabbi and originally from Britain, asked him to check white and skip the origins.
She said this current climate makes her uneasy with being listed as Jewish somewhere, Botnick said.
jta.org
See original here:
Census dilemma are you white, and if so, what are your 'origins'? - Washington Jewish Week
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