Jewish American Heritage Month

Posted By simmons on July 13, 2015

July 14

1223: Philip II Augustus, King of France died. Like so many other anti-Semites, King Phillip based his animus towards the Jews on Christian teachings and then used this hate to despoil. Shortly after his coronation, the King ordered the arrest of all the Jews on a Saturday, when they were easy pickings and then demanded a ransom for their release. He canceled the loans Christians owed to the Jews, seized their property and then expelled them. Years later he would readmit the Jews but only after they paid another ransom and submit to a confiscatory scheme of taxation.

1223: Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II of France. After his coronation, Louis reversed the policy of his father and ordered his officials to stop recording the debts Christians owed to Jews. This was part of the on-going struggle that Christians had over the question of usury charging interest when lending money. For Christians usury was a sin that led to excommunication. Since Jews were not Christians they could not be excommunicated so some Christian leaders felt it was acceptable to borrow from them. The Church frowned on this. Louis ban was an attempt to reach a compromise. Jew could lend. Christians could borrow. But Christians did not necessarily end up having to pay back. At least one major French noble became a foe of Louis over this since he had taxed his Jews on the profits from their money-lending activities. This was a fry cry from the days of Louis VI and Louis VII both of whom were protective of Jews to the extent that Jews were a significant part of the populace of Paris.

1349: Today all the Jews living in Frankfurt were murdered and their houses burnt.

1391: The jurados of Valencia reported today that Don Samuel Abravalla, the richest Jew in Valenciea had been baptized yesterday in the palace of En Gasto. His Christian name is Alfonso Ferrandes de Villaneuva. (According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, this Samuel Abravalla should not be confused with Don Samuel Abravanel, who was also forcfully baptized in 1391, but took the name Juan de Sevilla. Both men returned to Judaism as soon as they had the chance to recant their respective baptisms.

1614: The Jews of Worms succeeded in repelling an attack on the Jewish quarter today.

1647: A Jew from the city of Alessandra who had discovered a new process of refining gunpowder told the city officials of the plans the Duke of Modena to take control of the city by bribing him to destroy the supply of gunpowder.

1656: In New York, the municipal authorities grand the Jews a lot for a place of interment which was on New Bowery, near Olive Street which the Jewish community later augmented by the purchase of adjoining tracts in 1681, 1729, and 1755.

1663(9th of Tammuz, 5423): According to Leopold Zunz, Nathan ben Moses Hannover the Jewish historian and Talmudist best known for writing Yeven Mezulah that described the Khmelnytsky Uprising in which an unprecedented number of Jews were murdered, passed away today. Some of them [the Jews] had their skins flayed off them and their flesh was flung to the dogs. The hands and feet of others were cut off and they [their bodies] were flung onto the roadway where carts ran over them and they were trodden underfoot by horse ... And many were buried alive. Children were slaughtered at their mothers bosoms and many children were torn apart like fish. They ripped up the bellies of pregnant women, took out the unborn children, and flung them in their faces. They tore open the bellies of some of them and placed a living cat within the belly and they left them alive thus, first cutting off their hands so that they should not be able to take the living cat out of the belly ... and there was never an unnatural death in the world that they did not inflict upon them.

1757: During a dispute surrounding titles used by members of the Bet Din in London, Isaac Nieto was prohibited from exercising the functions of assessor. The son of David Nieto, Isaac Nieto had served as spiritual leader of Bevis Marx and had started the first synagogue in Gibraltar. He had returned to London in 1751 to serve as one of three judges in the citys Rabbinical Court. He passed away in 1774.

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The Holocaust (also called Ha-Shoah in Hebrew) refers to the period from January 30, 1933 - when Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany - to May 8, 1945, when the war in Europe officially ended. During this time, Jews in Europe were subjected to progressively harsher persecution that ultimately led to the murder of 6,000,000 Jews (1.5 million of these being children) and the destruction of 5,000 Jewish communities. These deaths represented two-thirds of European Jewry and one-third of all world Jewry.

The Jews who died were not casualties of the fighting that ravaged Europe during World War II. Rather, they were the victims of Germany's deliberate and systematic attempt to annihilate the entire Jewish population of Europe, a plan Hitler called the Final Solution (Endlosung).

After its defeat in World War I, Germany was humiliated by the Versailles Treaty, which reduced its prewar territory, drastically reduced its armed forces, demanded the recognition of its guilt for the war, and stipulated it pay reparations to the allied powers. With the German Empire destroyed, a new parliamentary government called the Weimar Republic was formed. The republic suffered from economic instability, which grew worse during the worldwide depression after the New York stock market crash in 1929. Massive inflation followed by very high unemployment heightened existing class and political differences and began to undermine the government.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler, leader of the National Socialist German Workers (Nazi) Party, was named chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg after the Nazi party won a significant percentage of the vote in the elections of 1932. The Nazi Party had taken advantage of the political unrest in Germany to gain an electoral foothold. The Nazis incited clashes with the communists and conducted a vicious propaganda campaign against its political opponents - the weak Weimar government and the Jews whom the Nazis blamed for Germany's ills.

A major tool of the Nazis' propaganda assault was the weekly Nazi newspaper Der Strmer (The Attacker). At the bottom of the front page of each issue, in bold letters, the paper proclaimed, "The Jews are our misfortune!" Der Strmer also regularly featured cartoons of Jews in which they were caricatured as hooked-nosed and apelike. The influence of the newspaper was far-reaching: by 1938 about a half million copies were distributed weekly.

Soon after he became chancellor, Hitler called for new elections in an effort to get full control of the Reichstag, the German parliament, for the Nazis. The Nazis used the government apparatus to terrorize the other parties. They arrested their leaders and banned their political meetings. Then, in the midst of the election campaign, on February 27, 1933, the Reichstag building burned. A Dutchman named Marinus van der Lubbe was arrested for the crime, and he swore he had acted alone. Although many suspected the Nazis were ultimately responsible for the act, the Nazis managed to blame the Communists, thus turning more votes their way.

The fire signaled the demise of German democracy. On the next day, the government, under the pretense of controlling the Communists, abolished individual rights and protections: freedom of the press, assembly, and expression were nullified, as well as the right to privacy. When the elections were held on March 5, the Nazis received nearly 44 percent of the vote, and with 8 percent offered by the Conservatives, won a majority in the government.

The Nazis moved swiftly to consolidate their power into a dictatorship. On March 23, the Enabling Act was passed. It sanctioned Hitlers dictatorial efforts and legally enabled him to pursue them further. The Nazis marshaled their formidable propaganda machine to silence their critics. They also developed a sophisticated police and military force.

The Sturmabteilung (S.A., Storm Troopers), a grassroots organization, helped Hitler undermine the German democracy. The Gestapo (Geheime Staatspolizei, Secret State Police), a force recruited from professional police officers, was given complete freedom to arrest anyone after February 28. The Schutzstaffel (SS, Protection Squad) served as Hitlers personal bodyguard and eventually controlled the concentration camps and the Gestapo. The Sicherheitsdienst des ReichsfhrersSS (S.D., Security Service of the SS) functioned as the Nazis' intelligence service, uncovering enemies and keeping them under surveillance.

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Posted By admin on July 13, 2015

Note: This article deals with more than Jews, Judaism, Zionism and slavery , and has evolved since its original authorship to deal with African Jews, Palestine, and other Jewish related issues from an African perspective.

Page 2

Fact | Cynthia McKinney witnessed, just like America, Israeli Jails have majority African people [2]

Genocide against Ethiopian Jews | Jewish Ethiopian women were given contraceptive injections before immigrating to Israel and after arrival. The result: a 50 percent decline in birthrate, and a missing generation of Ethiopian children.[2]

Israel and Kenya Death Squads: Israel plays an influencial role in the extra-judical killings of Kenyan citizens by the Kenyan goverment. [external video]

Israel and Apartheid South Africa: Secret documents revealing offer to sell nuclear warheads to South Africa cast fresh light on alliance. [external link]

Forced Conversion: The Israeli government decided by a resolution in 2003 that Ethiopians who are descendants of Jewish mothers' lineage have the right to emigrate to Israel under the Entry Law; they may become citizens only if they formally convert to Orthodox Judaism. This is supposed to be a democratic country but the law of the land forces you to leave the older African Judaism behind and adopt the 18th century Europeanized sect.

PREAMBLE

This charge of anti-Semitism (which is a misnomer) cannot and must not dissuade Africans from researching into any area of history; especially when that history has traditionally been suppressed. Passionately saying "This is all antisemitic junk" or "sounds like Protocols of Elders of Zion conspiracy" can no longer be used as a defense against this discourse; the world is getting tired and bored of this dronish one-liner, and the cookie cutter drivel. It is very easy, when in control of media, to selective critique people like Farrakhan as hateful but avoid dealing with his position on a point-by-point bases. Because if the charge of antisemitism (an over-abused Zionist silencing apparatus) was satisfied every time it was invoked, no one other than pro-Zionist would be allowed to say "Jew." [3][4] And make no mistake, the real issues of Israel are not "Jewish" issues, they are Zionist issues. No one should confuse Zionism and Judaism, Jewish people and Zionist. The issue is 100% with Zionism, an areligious cover for White supremacy .

It has always been very easy for Africa's detractors to assemble all the hand-picked Black defenders of Zionism to act with "authority" and decry this discourse as "fringe theories". Anyone attempting to dictate what topics are viable for African scholars to research is racist as well as those who think the opinions of Africans is not noteworthy. Skipping the colorful names for Tony Martin and Farrakhan it would be far more meaningful to explore this study point-by-point. What Zionist Jews are very skilled at is cherry picking and hyperbole. Very skilled presenting examples of "all the good things they did for us Blacks" until they blind themselves to their own terrible history of racism and oppression. Citing how much someone else, like the Arabs, especially Muslims, have done far worse has always been a good defense. But the decoy of a "better devil" true or false, as a defense cannot invalidate the necessity for any study.

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Hams[1] (en rabe: , entusiasmo o fervor y acrnimo de Harakat al-Muqwama al-Islamiya, Movimiento de Resistencia Islmico) es una organizacin palestina que se declara como yihadista, nacionalista e islmica.[2][3][4][5] Su objetivo, definido en su carta fundacional, es el establecimiento de un estado islmico en la regin histrica de Palestina, que comprendera los actuales Israel, Cisjordania y la Franja de Gaza, con capital en Jerusaln.[6] Para lograr este objetivo, Hams cuenta con una serie de organizaciones dependientes que desarrollan sus actividades en muy diversos mbitos, y abarcan desde la asimilacin cultural y religiosa a los jvenes a travs de sus madrazas, la asistencia social a los palestinos ms necesitados (y a las familias de sus propios miembros muertos o presos en crceles israeles), la representacin en las instituciones polticas palestinas a travs de la lista Cambio y Reforma, hasta las Brigadas de Ezzeldin Al-Qassam, brazo armado de Hams que practica el terrorismo.

Hams ha sido declarada organizacin terrorista por los Estados Unidos,[7]Israel, Japn,[8]Canad[9] y Australia;[10] mientras que algunos pases rabes, y otros como Rusia[11] y Turqua,[12] no la consideran como tal. La Unin Europea tambin la consider organizacin terrorista desde 2003, aunque en 2014 el Tribunal de Justicia orden retirarlo de dicha lista[13] mantenindose sin cumplir el fallo al estar an en examinacin por el Consejo de la Unin Europea.[14]

Desde su creacin en 1987 hasta la actualidad, las distintas organizaciones que forman parte de Hams se han convertido en objetivos prioritarios de las operaciones militares israeles, que han terminado con la vida de importantes miembros del movimiento, incluyendo a su fundador y lder espiritual, el jeque Ahmed Yasn, y a su sucesor bdel Aziz ar-Rantisi,[15][16] muertos en ataques selectivos de las fuerzas militares israeles.[17]

La carta fundacional de Hams exhibe la influencia de teoras conspirativas antisemitas.[18]

La lista Cambio y Reforma, ligada a Hams, se present a las elecciones generales palestinas de 2006 obteniendo la mayora absoluta, lo que le otorg la potestad de formar el gobierno que lider Ismail Haniye, que gener una serie de sanciones por parte de algunos pases occidentales y rabes que consideraban terrorista a Hams. Tras una serie de enfrentamientos y tensin creciente con su rival Al Fatah, en 2007 las organizaciones armadas leales a la Autoridad Nacional Palestina (ANP) de Hams en la Franja de Gaza terminaron por expulsar del territorio a los partidarios de Al Fatah y se hicieron con el control total de la Franja. Desde entonces hasta la actualidad, Hams gobierna la Autoridad Nacional Palestina de la Franja de Gaza, mientras su rival poltico Al Fatah mantiene el control de la ANP en Cisjordania.

El Gobierno de Hams en Gaza se encuentra desde entonces sometido a un bloqueo por parte de Israel que impide la entrada de alimentos, medicinas, material de construccin, armas y otros productos en territorio gazat. La ANP de Hams en Gaza fue uno de los objetivos principales de la invasin de Gaza llevada a cabo por el ejrcito israel a finales de 2008; tras declarar haber alcanzado sus objetivos, el ejrcito israel termin por retirarse del territorio costero, retornando el status quo anterior al conflicto y retomando Hams el poder de la Franja.

Distintas organizaciones de derechos humanos, como Human Rights Watch o Amnista Internacional, han acusado a Hams de cometer crmenes de guerra y crmenes contra la humanidad hacia las poblaciones tanto israeles como palestinas,[19] as como tambin torturas, asesinatos y secuestros contra la poblacin palestina.[20][21]

Hams fue fundada por el jeque Ahmed Yasn en 1987, durante el curso de la primera Intifada, emitiendo su primer comunicado en diciembre de 1987. Algunos de sus grupos precursores fueron "Los coaligados de la tierra del Isr'", y "Movimiento Islmico de Lucha". Fueron el jeque Ahmed Yasn y varios seguidores como Mahmud Al Zahhar y bdel Aziz ar-Rantisi quienes estructuraron y difundieron el movimiento de una forma oficial.

Su primer comunicado, sealaba:

La Intifada de nuestro pueblo rechaza la ocupacin y sus presiones, la confiscacin de la tierra, la construccin de asentamientos y la poltica de sometimiento de los sionistas [...]. El Islam es la solucin y la alternativa. Nuestro pueblo conoce el camino del sacrificio y el martirio. Haced que entiendan que la violencia no engendra ms que violencia, que la muerte no trae ms que muerte.

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Things you should know

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Wednesday, August 27

2:30 a.m. With eyes turned east toward Cairo on Tuesday afternoon, the UN Security Council is awaiting terms of the truce before moving forward on an impending draft resolution.

After the Security Councils closed-session consultations Tuesday morning, as news was coming in about the cease-fire agreement in Cairo, UK Deputy Permanent Representative Peter Wilson spoke in vague terms about what the council would like to see going forward.

There is a Jordanian draft that has already been put into blue, Wilson said. Jordans draft resolution was last revised August 4, and has been on the table since then. For weeks, it appeared little movement was being made on the draft resolution. Tuesday, August 26

7:35 p.m. At least 116 rockets exploded in Eshkol on Tuesday

7:16 p.m. Rocket alert sirens in Eshkol Regional Council.

7:03 p.m. Code red sirens go off in Hof Ashkelon, Sha'ar HaNegev and Sdot Negev moments after "open ended" cease fire comes into effect.

7:00 p.m. "Open ended" cease-fire comes into affect, confirmed by Hamas and Israeli officials.

6:56 p.m. Rocket alert sirens heard in Ashdod and the Ashkelon region. 6:53 p.m. Rocket alert sirens sound in the Beersheva area and the Sha'ar Hanegev Regional Council.

6:48 p.m. Rocket alert sirens sound in the Eshkol Regional Council and Ashkelon.

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Gaza (en rabe azza, en hebreo Azzah) es la mayor y principal ciudad de la Franja de Gaza, denominada a veces como Ciudad de Gaza para distinguirla de la propia Franja. Su poblacin es de unos 761.221 habitantes, segn el censo del ao 2013.

El significado original de la palabra es poco claro. Se piensa que deriva de la palabra hebrea Azzh "fuerte"; sin embargo el en Azzh es original (del proto-Semtico *zz), donde el en Azza deriva del original . Los registros ms antiguos que contienen el nombre de Gaza se remontan al antiguo Egipto, en los cuales se transcribe como q--t o g--t, en un intento de reconstruir el cananeo suena ya que la z no exista en el egipcio de ese periodo. Las tablillas de Tell el-Amarna la llaman Qazati [1]. Los registros en babilonio del siglo Va.C., la llaman azatu. En griego antiguo es mencionada como . En hebreo, su pronunciacin vara de *azzh a Azzh hacia el siglo primero, cuando se observ mayor influencia de lenguajes semticos como el arameo. La forma escrita del nombre "Gaza" en rabe puede observarse en: Nessana bilingual entagion, datando del ao 674d.C. (54 AH), aunque el nombre se menciona en tradiciones pre-islmicas.

Gaza ha sido disputada en muchas ocasiones debido a su localizacin entre Asia y frica, su territorio frtil y su valor como puerto martimo.

La referencia ms temprana a la ciudad data del reinado de Tutmosis III en el siglo XVa.C.[citarequerida] Tambin se menciona en las Tablillas de Tell el-Amarna, si bien el emplazamiento exacto de la antigua Gaza es desconocido.[citarequerida]

La ciudad pareciera haber quedado slidamente bajo control egipcio a principios del reinado en solitario de Tutmosis III (ca. 1460a.C.).[4] Gaza fue inicialmente la principal base egipcia en el Levante,[5] y luego uno de sus tres centros administrativos en la regin (junto a Sumur y Kumidi), siendo as sede de un comisario general u oficial egipcio (rabisu en acadio y sokinu en cananeo) que dependa directamente del faran y al que estaban subordinados los prncipes locales.[6][7] Basados en este hecho, algunos historiadores (como Hans Wolfgang Helck[8][9] ), han argumentado que el Levante egipcio estaba claramente organizado en tres provincias, siendo Gaza la capital de la provincia sur.[7] Pero esta conclusin no es segura.[6]

Se supone que los filisteos se asentaron en la regin sirviendo como mercenarios en el ejrcito egipcio, para luego heredar los principales asentamientos tras el derrumbamiento del control egipcio en la zona hacia 1150.[10] Eventualmente se organizaron en una pentpolis dirigida por cinco monarcas llamados seren, en la cual pareciera que al principio Gaza posea la hegemona. Pero en la primera mitad del siglo XI el centro de gravedad pas a la ciudad de Asdod.[11]

En tiempos bblicos, Gaza fue una de las ciudades ms grandes de los filisteos. La ciudad filistea se construy sobre una colina de unos 45msnm a unos 2.4km del Mar Mediterrneo. Era una ciudad amurallada de unas 80ha.[citarequerida] Cay sucesivamente bajo control de los, asirios, egipcios, babilonios, y persas.

En el ao 738a.C. rey asirio Tiglatpileser III someti la regin, imponindole tributos y estableciendo un centro comercial asirio en las cercanas de la ciudad.[12] Gaza fue una de las ciudades que se neg a pagar los tributos hacia el 735, lo que motiv una nueva intervencin asiria en 734a.C., durante la cual Tiglatpileser atac y saque la ciudad. Su rey, Hanno, se refugi en Egipto.[13] Durante los levantamientos contra Asiria que siguieron al derrocamiento de Salmanasar V y la subida al trono de Sargn II en 722a.C., el rey de Gaza, Hanuna, encabez (junto al rey de Hama, Ilubi'di) una coalicin anti-asiria apoyada por un ejrcito egipcio; pero en 720 Sargn venci a Ilubi'di cerca de Qarqar (en la actual Siria), se apoder de Gaza y derrot a Hanuna y al egipcio Sibu (probablemente un general del faran Boccoris o Bakenrenef) en una batalla en Rafia (la moderna Rafah).[14][15] En 701a.C., tras sofocar un nuevo levantamiento en la regin provocado por la muerte de Sargn, el rey asirio Senaquerib entreg a Gaza parte del territorio del derrotado rey Ezequas de Jud.[16][17]

Tras la cada de Asiria ante una coalicin de medos y babilonios en 612a.C., la regin sirio-palestina fue disputada entre el Imperio Neobabilnico y Egipto. La toma de Karkemish en 605 por el an prncipe heredero Nabuconodosor conllev el control babilonio de casi toda Siria-Palestina hasta la frontera egipcia, situacin que fue afianzada con campaas anuales regulares.[18] Hacia el 590a.C. el faran Apries se apoder de Gaza, que conserv por poco tiempo. Hacia 575a.C. Nabuconodosor haba solidificado sus posesiones sirio-palestinas.[19] El comnmente llamado "calendario cortesano" de Nabuconodosor del 565, un documento conmemorativo de la fundacin de un edificio que incluye una lista de los miembros de la corte, descubierto en unas excavaciones alemanas en Babilonia, menciona a algunos reyes vasallos, incluyendo a "el rey de Gaza" (luego del de Tiro y antes del de Sidn).[20][21] Segn el historiador Ren Labat, estos reyes clientes tenan la misma categora que los gobernadores provinciales babilonios (los "Grandes de Akkad").[22]

Babilonia fue derrotada por el rey persa Ciro II el Grande en 539, y poco despus Siria y Palestina fueron incorporadas al Imperio Persa. En 525a.C. su hijo Cambises II conquist Egipto.[23][24]

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La Franja de Gaza (en rabe: Qi azza o tambin Qita' Ghazzah; en hebreo Retzu'at 'Azza) o simplemente Gaza, es una estrecha banda de tierra situada en el Oriente Prximo, lindante con el suroeste de Israel y con el noreste de la pennsula del Sina, Egipto. Junto con Cisjordania forma el Estado de Palestina, definido en los Acuerdos de Oslo y en la resolucin 1860 del Consejo de seguridad de la ONU,[1] que ha sido admitido por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas con el estatus de observador.[2]

La banda de Gaza est situada en el Oriente Prximo, entre los 3125N y los 3420E. Tiene 51 km de frontera con Israel y 11 con Egipto, as como 40 km de costa en el mar Mediterrneo. Su clima es rido, con inviernos suaves y veranos secos y clidos, expuestos a las sequas. El territorio es llano u ondulado, con dunas cerca de la costa y el punto ms alto a 105 msnm (Abu 'Awdah o Joz Abu 'Auda). Los recursos naturales se limitan a las tierras de cultivo (un tercio de la franja est irrigada), aunque recientemente se ha descubierto gas natural. Entre los problemas medioambientales se incluyen la desertificacin, la salinizacin del agua, el tratamiento de aguas residuales, las enfermedades producidas por el agua contaminada, la degradacin de los suelos, el agotamiento y contaminacin de las aguas subterrneas. La franja de Gaza depende ampliamente del ro Habesor, el cual es tambin un recurso para Israel.[3]

En poca del Imperio otomano la franja de Gaza perteneca a la administracin de Gaza, dependiente a su vez junto a Jaffa y Hebrn del distrito o sanjak de Jerusaln, incluido dentro del vilayato de Siria. Aunque la poblacin de la regin era en general pluriconfesional, segn el censo de 1914-15, en Gaza el 98% de sus habitantes eran musulmanes.[4]

Durante la Primera Guerra Mundial, entre 1915-1916, el Alto comisario britnico Henry McMahon y el emir Husein del Hiyaz establecieron un acuerdo por el cual la franja de Gaza y la mayora de los territorios rabes asiticos pertenecientes al Imperio otomano se incorporaran, a cambio del apoyo de stos a los aliados, a un futuro reino rabe. Pero paralelamente se negociaron otros acuerdos secretos entre Francia y Gran Bretaa, los denominados Sykes-Picot, por los cuales se repartan estos mismos territorios entre ellos, dejando el rea de Palestina indefinida. Durante la Conferencia de paz de Pars de 1919 las potencias europeas ganadoras impidieron la creacin del prometido reino rabe unificado que el emir Faisal reivindic, estableciendo una serie de mandatos que les permitieron repartirse y tutelar toda la regin.[5]

La franja de Gaza form parte del Mandato britnico de Palestina, autorizado por la Sociedad de Naciones (SdN), que se extendi entre 1920 y 1948.[6] Este mandato estaba basado en los principios contenidos en el artculo 22 del borrador fundacional de la SdN y en la resolucin de la Conferencia de San Remo del 25 de abril de 1920, celebrada por los principales aliados y sus asociados.[7]

La consigna sionista de establecer un estado judo en Palestina fue apoyada por los britnicos, que alentaron la formacin de una Agencia juda. sta se encarg de la compra de tierras y de organizar la emigracin masiva hacia la regin, pasando de haber cerca de 84000 judos en 1922 a unos 485000 en 1942. Ante la presin demogrfica y el bloqueo de una salida poltica, los rabes comenzaron a sublevarse y los choques se sucedieron. Las comisiones Peel (1937) y Woodhead (1938) recomendaron la particin del territorio en dos estados, mientras que el Libro Blanco de 1939 rechaz esta posibilidad. Con el inicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial se estableci una tregua y miles de judos se alistaron en las fuerzas britnicas. Pero cuando los alemanes fueron rechazados del Oriente Prximo las organizaciones sionistas desencadenaron una campaa terrorista contra Gran Bretaa.[6]

Tras el fin de la guerra y la disolucin de la Sociedad de Naciones, Gran Bretaa decidi traspasar el problema de Palestina a la recin creada Organizacin de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), que aprob en 1947 la resolucin 181 por la que se divida entre las dos comunidades: el 55% del territorio para los judos, Jerusaln bajo control internacional y el resto para los rabes (incluida la franja de Gaza). Casi inmediatamente comenzaron los enfrentamientos, que desencadenaron en guerra abierta con la retirada britnica.[8]

Durante la guerra rabe-israel de 1948, el territorio fue utilizado por el ejrcito egipcio como plataforma para atacar Jaffa y Jerusaln, partiendo desde el Sina.[9] El 22 de septiembre de 1948 fue proclamado en Gaza por la Liga rabe el Gobierno de todos los palestinos. Concebido parcialmente como un intento de limitar la influencia de Transjordania en Palestina, fue rpidamente reconocido por seis de los siete miembros de la Liga: Egipto, Siria, Lbano, Irak, Arabia Saudita y Yemen, aunque no por Transjordania.[10] Con la firma del armisticio la franja qued ocupada y administrada por Egipto.[9] La lnea de separacin entre las fuerzas de Egipto e Israel sigue siendo actualmente la frontera entre la franja e Israel, a pesar de que ambas partes declararon entonces que no sera una frontera internacional. La frontera sur con Egipto continua siendo la demarcada en 1906 entre el Imperio otomano y el britnico.[11]

Durante la crisis de Suez, la franja de Gaza y la pennsula del Sina fueron ocupadas por las tropas israeles, aunque se retiraron de ambas debido a la presin internacional. El gobierno palestino fue acusado de ser una simple fachada del dominio egipcio, trasladado a El Cairo y disuelto finalmente en 1959 por un decreto de Nasser.

En 1959 Irak propuso por primera vez la creacin de una "entidad palestina autnoma" que comprendiera los territorios ocupados de Gaza y Cisjordania.[9]

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Franja de Gaza - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

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