Jewish American Heritage Month

Posted By admin on June 14, 2022

Palestinians fly kites carrying the colors of the Palestinian flag to commemorate Naksa Day. (Photo: Mahmoud Ajjour, The Palestine Chronicle)

By Ilan Pappe

On this 55th anniversary of the June 1967 war, it is worthwhile to refute, once more, the fabrications and myths surrounding this war that helped to immunize Israel until today from any meaningful international rebuke and condemnation.

One myth that quite a few liberal Zionists and even genuine supporters of the two-state solution believe in, is that the June 1967 war was the mother of all evils. Namely, they assert that until 1967, Israel was a peaceful democracy, defending itself in an alien neighborhood, a social democracy paragon, if there ever was one.

This is the mantra of the Zionist Left that ignores the leading role its brand of Zionism played in the 1948 ethnic cleansing of Palestine. It disregards the harsh and inhumane military rule that Labour-led Israel imposed on the Palestinians remaining within the Jewish State until 1967. A period in which Israel continued the ethnic cleansing of a dozen more Palestinian villages. The same cruel scenes of the brutal military occupation in the West Bank, which moved so many in the world to side with the Palestinians, were already visible in the 1950s inside Israel itself.

This benign image of a small Israel that became, through no fault by itself, a mini-empire and an occupier, also ignores the 1956 Suez fiasco, when Israel colluded with Britain and France in an abortive imperialist attempt to topple Gamal Abdul Nasser.

The provocative Israeli policy on the Syrian border, the Israeli diversion of the Jordan River, and the overt threats of its leaders to topple the Syrian regime are also somehow forgotten. An aggressive policy in the north led Nasser to believe genuinely that an Israeli attack on Syria would be more substantial than the ones Israel carried out in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.

Full knowledge of Israels intransigence does not only debunk the myth of the small and peaceful Israel, it also helps to understand better the trajectory that led to the outbreak of the June 1967 war. The main Arab player, Gamal Abdul Nasser, was clearly moved by a genuine wish to help the liberation of Palestine, on the one hand, and by his own personal search for pan-Arab glory, on the other. For that he did not need a war; he just had to show that he was willing to go to war.

A huge success for him would have been a willingness of the UN to reconsider its disastrous 1947 peace plan that enabled the 1948 ethnic cleansing of Palestine. In order to achieve this, he pursued a brinkmanship policy, which was careless at times, as it provided Israel with the pretext to complete the takeover of Palestine which it had not managed to do in 1948.

Ever since 1948, a sizeable number of the Israeli generals who took part in the ethnic cleansing of Palestine created a lobby pressuring the Israeli government to occupy the West Bank, which they regarded as both the heart of the nation and a buffer zone from any attack on the Jewish state from the east.

Had it not been for David Ben-Gurion, the architect of the 1948 ethnic cleansing, this kind of operation might have taken place before 1967. He was the most powerful politician in Israel until 1963, and he did not wish to incorporate a large number of Palestinians after he successfully expelled almost all of those living in what became Israel. Nonetheless, such an occupation nearly occurred in 1960, when Nasser signaled that he would not tolerate the continued Israeli encroachment of the Jordan River estuaries and violate the no mans zone separating Israel from Syria (he was then the leader of the United Arab Republic, which lasted as a political union between Egypt and Syria until 1961).

In 1960, very much like in 1967, Nasser despatched the Egyptian army to the Sinai Peninsula, closed the Tiran Straits at the entrance to the Gulf of Aqaba, but this did not lead to war as Ben-Gurion curbed his Generals war mongering. Israel backed off from its aggressive policies for a while (also because the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations were still able to pursue a more reserved policy towards Israel before AIPAC became a force to reckon with, and tilted American policy onto its familiar pro-Israeli orientation ever since).

Ben Gurion knew too well that Nasser, unlike for instance the more conservative regimes in the region, was committed on a moral level to the liberation of Palestine or, at least, as he so often stated, to the return of the refugees and to the Israeli withdrawal from the territories allocated in 1947 by the UN to the Palestinians (a position based on international law according to the West, but when aired by Nasser was regarded as Arab radicalism). Unlike Ben-Gurion, Moshe Sharett (Prime Minister in 1954-1955) was willing to begin negotiation with Nasser on the basis of these principles, a move thwarted the moment Ben-Gurion came to power, determined to bring down Nasser and the Baath in Syria.

For a while, it seemed that Nasser was successful. The US led an international initiative to re-open negotiations on the future of post-mandatory Palestine. Israel could not allow it and began its war on 5 June 1967. The bewildered British delegation in the UN wrote to the Americans:

We have now examined that evidence [and] have come to the conclusion that the Israelis fired the first shot and take the view that it was reprehensible of them not [to] wait for the efforts we and others were making to extricate them from the admittedly impossible situation in which the UAR had placed them.

This was one of the many exit points from the crisis. Nasser managed, in a way, to force the international community to realize that the Palestine case and cause were not over in 1948. What he and many others in the international community did not realize was that, with brinkmanship policy or without it, the Israeli leadership since 1963, when Ben Gurion was ousted from any meaningful role in it, prepared for the occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and would have carried it out, sooner or later.

As a settler-colonial state, getting more territory was a superior priority than getting rid of the native population the method was the same for all settler colonial movements: once you rob the indigenous population of its homeland, you can begin to deal with the indigenous people living on it (Israel did the same in the Golan Heights in 1967 after occupation, it ethnically cleansed more the 100,000 of the local population).

The plans for occupation and how to run the 22% of Palestine (the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) Israel failed, or decided not, to occupy in 1948, were already set in 1963. The basic idea was simple: a ready-made military rule was already active in the Palestinian areas within the state of Israel; all that had to be done was to move swiftly and impose it on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in 1967.

When the military occupation was completed, and the new military rule instated, the 13th government of Israel took a strategic decision, which none of the successive Israeli governments deviated from. The West Bank will be forever part of Israel and, with time, the Jewish state will do all it can to downsize the number of Palestinians living there (enclaving Gaza was already then considered a serious option, as a complementary part of the plan).

There were tactical debates about which parts of the West Bank had to be officially annexed (apart from a consensus on the annexation of East Jerusalem) and how to present this expansionist plan, the second phase of the 1948 ethnic cleansing operations, to the world. There and then, the peace process was inverted, later presented even as a two-state solution (namely whichever part Israel was willing to rule indirectly could be autonomously run by the Palestinians). The world and, alas, quite a few Palestinians, bought into yet another Zionist fabrication and manipulation of the truth.

The more Israel moved to the right, the more it shrunk the autonomy. With the risk of prediction, I venture that this diminution of autonomous Palestinian presence in the West Bank (around 15% right now of the West Bank, namely less than 4% of historical Palestine) would eventually lead to the dismantling by Israel of the PA or its transformation into a mere municipality of greater Ramallah. This process has already begun.

It incurs good news. As Amnesty International, a bit too little and too late, is willing to frame this reality as a state of Apartheid, this future aggressive policy will recruit many more in the West to accept Amnestys interpretation, and perhaps even the more accurate one offered by the Palestinian civil society and activists (a more direct reference, without any caveats, to the apartheid reality). This may put the last nail in the two states coffin, undermine the logic of the Abraham Accord and force official Palestinian leadership to return to the one-state solution as a vision and strategy.

I know this still sounds utopian and its realization depends also on Palestinian unity and strategic organization. But it will be an important part of a possible liberation in the future. Moshe Dayan told the 13th government of Israel that the people of the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip would be citizen-less citizens people with no rights at all to discuss their fate and future. For how long will it be, he was asked by the leader of Herut, later the Likud, Menachem Begin. Oh, at least for 50 years.

It is now 55 years of the inhumane monstrous prisons Israel built and maintained in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. They survived two brave uprisings but will encounter a third one, which is looming in the very near future. And with it, hopefully, the fabricated narrative which accompanied the second phase of the Israeli ethnic cleansing in 1967 will expose the real nature of liberal Zionism, put an end to all sorts of peace camps, and sober up religious believers in the two states solution among them some of our best friends, and challenge anyone who claims that Palestine is lost.

- Ilan Papp is a professor at the University of Exeter. He was formerly a senior lecturer in political science at the University of Haifa. He is the author of The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, The Modern Middle East, A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples, and Ten Myths about Israel. Papp is described as one of Israels 'New Historians' who, since the release of pertinent British and Israeli government documents in the early 1980s, have been rewriting the history of Israels creation in 1948. He contributed this article to The Palestine Chronicle.

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Whats the difference between Palestinians, who are regularly accused of being terrorists and terrorist supporters, and the early Zionists who used violence to fight the British and the Arabs before the founding of the State of Israel?

This is an important question to answer, not because Zionists must defend themselves but because they need to understand whether their movement is a violent and immoral one by nature. If early Zionists, the founders of our state, and an Israeli prime minister were all violent and immoral terrorists, it should give Zionists pause concerning their movement and cause.

Menachem Begin was the leader of the Irgun, a para-military force that existed before the founding of the state. It carried out attacks against the British and Arabs of Palestine. The Irgun, especially after its attacks on The King David Hotel and Deir Yassin, was accused of terrorism, and this charge followed Begin throughout his life, especially after he was elected prime minister in 1977. The following excerpt from the book Right-Hand Man by Menachem Michelson discusses how Menachem Begin addressed the charges that Israeli Irgun fighters were terrorists.

Several times, the question arose of whether Begin saw any comparison between the struggle of the Palestinians and the Jews War of Independence. Once, Mike Wallace, the well-known American interviewer asked him directly, Mr. Prime Minister, you were the commander of a terrorist organization. Do you see any comparison between this and the PLO?

Begin replied, Theres nothing at all to compare. We fought to liberate our land from a foreign regime, from the British. They [the PLO] want to wipe us off the face of the Earth and take our land from us, because this land is ours. We threw out the British because the land is ours. What do the Arabs want? To throw us out of our land! Theres no comparison between the PLO, or any group of murderers of theirs. Another issue is the method of battle. They kill every man, woman, and child, whereas we did everything to avoid harming civilians. True, sometimes disasters happened, and civilians were hurt, but this was not part of our battle tactics.

Prime Minister Begins answer wont satisfy everyone. His first answer is predicated on the position that the entire land of Israel is the Jewish homeland and doesnt belong to the Palestinians. Therefore, Jews fighting for the land are fighting for their land. Palestinians have no right to the land, and their efforts to fight the Jews isnt a fight for their land, but rather to throw the Jews out of the land. If a person takes a different position and maintains Palestinians have a right to the land of Israel just as Jews do, Begins answer wont come close to explaining how early Zionists were justified in their attacks against the British and the Arabs.

Its important to note Zionists dont have to accept the premise of their enemies that the land of Israel isnt theirs and that Palestinians too have a right to the land. Zionists dont have to answer the charges of their enemies, and Begins first answer is acceptable. That other people disagree with the Zionist position that the entire land belongs exclusively to the Jews doesnt obligate Zionists to change their position or entertain an opposite opinion just to answer an accusation. Begins first answer is perfectly acceptable to a Zionist.

Begins second answer was addressed to Zionist opponents who would scoff at Begins position that Jews fought for their land while Arabs fought to throw Zionists out of their land. Begins focus on Arab tactics of take no prisoners and murder everyone, whether woman or child, was directed at those who maintained both Jews and Palestinian fighters were justified in their cause. The Irguns code of only attacking those culpable of being a threat to the Jews, as opposed to the Arab ethos of killing any and all Jews, pointed to the difference between the Zionist and Palestinian fighters.

The Irgun and other Zionist fighters were just in their struggle to win freedom for the Jewish state. The land of Israel is the ancient Jewish homeland. The Jewish people spent thousands of years pining to return to their homeland and never gave up their claim to the land. British and Arab forces who violently denied the Jews the opportunity to return to their land had no right to prevent the Jewish peoples return and opened themselves to the same violence they were perpetrating against the early Zionists. The Irguns struggle was a righteous fight for their peoples freedom. Early Zionists owe them a debt of gratitude.

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Posted By admin on June 14, 2022

May is the 3rd annual National Jewish Heritage Month in Canada.

National Jewish Heritage Month is a great opportunity to learn about the impact of Jewish heritage in communities across the country, and to appreciate the significant contributions made by Jewish Canadians in the fields of medicine, law, politics, arts, business and philanthropy.

Here are some ways you can celebrate National Jewish Heritage Month.

VISIT A JEWISH MUSEUM OR A SITE OF HISTORICAL JEWISH INTEREST

Visit Jewish institutions on your community - a museum, a Holocaust memorial museum, a Jewish library or historical synagogue.

Jewish Museums around the World

Holocaust museums

LEARN MORE ABOUT CANADIAN JEWISH HISTORY

Other resources include:

The Canadian Jewish Experience

The Jewish Virtual Library

A brief History of Jewish Canadians

READ CANADIAN JEWISH LITERATURE

Whether it's a about Judaism, the Jewish Canadian experience, or just a piece written by a Canadian Jew, theres plenty of choice.

RESEARCH YOUR FAMILYS HISTORY

Explore your roots by determining when the first members of your family immigrated to Canada, then create a family tree. Take it one step further by recording interviews with your older living relatives to create a digital history.

RAISE YOUR JEWISH VOICE

As Jews in a democratic society, we have the privilege and the responsibility to express our views on ethical and moral matters. Visit your Jewish federation or council to find out how you can get involved with your local Jewish community.

SUPPORT A JEWISH ORGANIZATION

Do your part to strengthen the impact of the Jewish people by supporting a Jewish non-profit or charity in your community.

However you commemorate it, National Jewish Heritage Month is an opportunity to remember, celebrate and educate future generations about the inspirational role that Jewish Canadians have played and continue to play in communities across the country.

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Posted By admin on June 14, 2022

Read UC Berkeleys official announcement regarding the observance of Jewish American Heritage Month.

This month-long celebration honors the generations of Jewish Americans who have greatly contributed to the history and culture of this country. This month also coincides with the commemoration of the Holocaust and Israels Independence Day. We are pleased to join the university in formally recognizing the estimated 2,500 Jewish students on campus, in addition to our Jewish faculty, staff, and alumni.

UC Berkeley is proud to have educated countless Jewish American scholars, thinkers, and changemakers. Cal professors Robert Alter and Chana Kronfeld championed the study of Hebrew literature. Erich Gruen, Daniel Boyarian, Amos Funkenstein, and John Efron have made UC Berkeley a leading institution for the study of Jewish history and the study of the Talmud. Accomplished Jewish alumni, like Berkeley physicist and Nobel laureate Saul Perlmutter Ph.D. 86, have advanced technology in ways we could only imagine.

On campus, the Magnes Collection of Jewish Art & Life is named after Judah Magnes, who founded the first-ever Jewish museum in the western United States. Zellerbach Hall is named after the Zellerbach family, who founded San Franciscos Zellerbach & songs paper company.

There are a number of campus resources to support our Cal Jewish community. The Berkeley Hillel Jewish Student Center aims to enrich the lives of Jewish students by fostering a greater campus community. The Chabad Jewish Student Center offers a home away from home for Jewish students. The Berkeley Antisemitism Education Initiative provides public programming and trainings regarding the historical and contemporary challenges of antisemitism.

This month, the Helen Diller Institute for Jewish Law and Israel Studies is celebrating its 10th anniversary with a range of events, including a lecture titled Reimagining Diversity and Jewish Belonging: A Journey Through Genesis.

We hope that you will join the Cal Alumni Association and UC Berkeley in not only celebrating Jewish American Heritage Month but also educating one another about the rich and invaluable contributions the Jewish American community has made to our campus.

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(May 31, 2022 / JNS) I was ready for just about anything when I came to an Eric Adams party, but a Chassidic guy singing Billy Joel was not one of them.

So quipped New York City Council Member Lincoln Restler, drawing the biggest laugh of the night at last weeks New York City Mayor Eric Adamss Jewish Heritage Month celebration.

The May 24 gathering at the mayors Gracie Mansion residence drew a mix of politicians, religious leaders, New York Jewish movers and shakers, and seemingly every New York police officer with Jewish ties.

The festivities were largely centered on the relationship between Adams and New York Jewrya relationship going back to Adamss time on the police force, through his Brooklyn borough presidency and on to his run as mayor, during which he courted and relied heavily upon endorsements and votes from the Jewish community. He has previously hosted Jewish Heritage celebrations as borough president and during his time as a state senator representing the neighborhood of Crown Heights, home of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement.

As the mayor often says about himself, when speaking about his long-standing relationship with the Jewish community, Im an old friend, not a new friend, said senior adviser to the mayor Joel Eisdorfer, a member of the Chassidic community, adding that Adams has never been silent when it comes to defending the Jewish community.

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Many of the evenings speakers, which included New York Police Commissioner Keechant Sewell, a number of City Council members, Rep. Carolyn Maloney (D-N.Y.) and Israeli Consul General in New York Asaf Zamir, made note of the troubling rise of anti-Semitic violence and rhetoric in the city while placing faith in the hands of Adams that he will find a way to fix the growing problem.

People say that Eric Adams is a friend of the Jewish community. He is your family. He will never let you down. He will always have your back. He will keep you safe. If anyone is going to stamp out anti-Semitism, it is this man right here and his public-safety mission, said James Gennaro, City Councilmember for the 24th District, which includes Queens. I am with him 100%.

Heres always been there for us, and we are going to be here for him, said City Council and Jewish Caucus member Ari Kagan, a Belarussian immigrant representing the 47th District in areas of Brooklyn.

Adams also honored Inspector Richie Taylor, the highest-ranking Orthodox officer of the New York City Police Department.

Zamir, still relatively new in his position and who just last week took a tour of Crown Heights, extolled the New York Jewish community, telling those gathered that they have provided him with a learning experience and a pleasant surprise.

Theres a sentence in Hebrew things you see from there, you do not see from here. And I want to tell you as a guest, a new resident in this city, the things you see about the American Jewish community, you dont always see from there, he said. You are a model for pluralism in Judaism. You are a model for acceptance. You are a model for forming relationships with other communities and living together in coexistence. And when you come and learn from inside the kishkes of this community, it makes me very, very, very proud to be a part of it.

Zamir also acknowledged the citys struggle with Jew-hatred while sounding a hopeful note.

Even though its not the easiest of times and even though anti-Semitic incidents in this city have quadrupled in the last year, everyone here knows weve been through worse and weve always won, and well win this together. But we cant do it alone, and gladly, we have a lot of help and primarily from the city, from the mayors office, he said. And on top of that, from a mayor who I am happy to say and proud to say is an amazing friend to the Jewish community, an amazing friend to Israel.

New York City Mayor Eric Adams with Jewish New York City Police Department Inspector Richie Taylor, who received an honorary proclamation at the Gracie Mansion event marking Jewish Heritage Month on May 24, 2022. Photo by Mike Wagenheim.

Stamp out hate in every form across this city

The event also featured a performance from celebrated Chassidic singer Shulem Lemmer, a Brooklyn native who belted out Frank Sinatras (Theme From) New York, New York, along with a traditional Hebrew song, finishing with a schmaltzy version of Billy Joels Piano Man.

It was a tough act for Restler, who represents the Satmars and other members of Williamsburgs Jewish community on the City Council, to follow.

We have experienced a horrible uptick of violence across the five boroughs, but it has been concentrated against the Orthodox community, said Restler, a Jewish Caucus member. We need to stamp out hate in every form across this city. We can build goodwill, tolerance and understanding across the diversity of our communities. We can fight back against this uptick of hate and violence.

Inna Vernikov, a Jewish Ukrainian immigrant representing parts of Brooklyn on the City Council and the Jewish Caucus, noted she is one of just five Republicans on the City Council, though partisan politics was not getting in the way of Adams resolve to help reduce anti-Semitic incidents in the city.

While we have a rise in anti-Semitism, I am incredibly grateful to have a mayor who stands with the Jewish people, who stands with Israel, who is here to support our community, she said. I know I can rely on him for help with anything I need.

From left: Israeli Consul General to New York Asaf Zamir addresses the crowd gathered for of Jewish American Heritage Month at Gracie Mansion next to Ingrid Lewis-Martin, chief adviser to Mayor Eric Adams, and senior adviser to the mayor Joel Eisdorfer on May 24, 2022. Photo by Mike Wagenheim.

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When Second Gentleman Douglas Emhoff sat down for a Zoom conversation with Holocaust survivor Pinchas Gutter on Wednesday, he opened by saying, I feel like I already know you!

Though the two had never met, Emhoff did, to an extent, know Gutter.

Just moments before the video call, Emhoff had engaged with Gutters interactive biography, asking him questions about his experience in concentration camps and even listening to Gutter sing Shir Hamaalot, the song that begins the blessing after meals.

Emhoff was at the University of Southern Californias Shoah Foundation, where he visited to explore the centers Dimensions in Testimony project, a series of artificial intelligence bots that allow people to interact in real time with survivors of the Holocaust and other genocides.

As a USC alum and the first Jewish vice presidential spouse, Emhoff knew the experience would be special overwhelming, even. But he said the exhibit far exceeds what I thought it was going to be.

Its so impressive, the use of the technology, Emhoff told the Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Its so real. And you really felt you were in the room you really felt you were talking to people. It was so engaging.

The visit was the latest in a series of Jewish events Emhoff has hosted and attended in his official capacity as the Second Gentleman andas a proud Jew.

I never expected my Jewish faith to be that big a deal in this role, he said. As it turned out, I was very wrong. And Im glad I was wrong, because it is a big deal.

Emhoff has baked matzah with Jewish day school students, helpedhost the first online Passover sederat the White House,hung a mezuzah at the vice presidents residence, and took part in festivities for Jewish American Heritage Month.

You see these young kids screaming when I walked into the room like I was some kind of rock star, Emhoff recalled with a laugh. You really see that this representation matters. And knowing that, I take it very seriously. I know this means a lot to a lot of people, as it does to me.

Emhoffs presence also meant a lot to the staff at the Shoah Foundation.

It was amazing, Kori Street, the organizations interim executive director, told JTA. For me, for the staff, for the university, to have someone of his stature, who understands the importance of what were doing here, who has a connection to the archive, it was so meaningful just in terms of how insightful he was and how much he got it. That doesnt always happen.

Street kicked off Emhoffs visit with an introduction to the center and its work. The institution is nearing its goal of reaching 10 million students globally each year, according to Street, and the AI initiative is a flagship product. The initiative, which the Shoah Foundation plans to make available through local Holocaust museums around the world, aims to ensure that the common practice of having survivors speak about their experiences can outlast the survivors themselves.

After showing Emhoff a video testimony of a Holocaust survivor from the same town as Emhoffs family in Eastern Europe, it was time to meet Gutter.

Emhoff spoke first with the AI rendering of Gutter, asking him a series of questions about his survival story, his message to students today, and yes, asking Gutter to sing him a song.

Thank you, Pinchas, Emhoff said to the screen with a smile. Ill see you in the other room.

There, real-life Gutter continued to share his story. He also expressed his gratitude to Emhoff and the Biden administration for their work combating hate and antisemitism.

I really feel that you are able to make a difference, and you are making a difference, Gutter told Emhoff.

Gutter spoke about the importance of sharing his story with younger generations and of connecting his experience with current events. He mentioned Russias war on Ukraine multiple times.

Take this flame, Gutter said he tells students. Light up the world with these flames and make the world a better place.

Emhoff was visibly moved by Gutters story. Both Gutters, in fact.

I love your message of unity, Emhoff told the real-life Gutter over Zoom. We all need to stand together and stand united against this epidemic of hate.

As he thinks about the challenges facing the American Jewish community, Emhoff said the words of the AI Gutter expressed exactly how Im feeling about these issues.

That AI message really rang true, Emhoff said. Hearing his positivity after everything hes been through all these memories that hes had to live with for so many years, 70-plus years and to be so positive, and so upbeat, and be willing to share with the world now through this technology, his story, is just really, its amazing.

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Ella Fitzgerald, wherever you are, I apologize in advance.

Billy Crystal gave this years Tonys a jolt of Jewish shtick when hecoaxed the audience into a call-and-response Yiddish scat routine, as part of a live performance to promote his Broadway musical, Mr. Saturday Night.

In a good-faith mockery of Fitzgeralds own famous scat routine, Crystal, in character as his shows fading comedian star Buddy Young Jr., let loose on the Sunday night telecast with a series of nonsensical guttural sounds vaguely approximating Yiddish.

He then gleefully entered the audience for a bit of crowd work, messing with attendees Samuel L. Jackson and Lin-Manuel Miranda who unwittingly became a Jewish Hamilton alter ego: Im Alexander Rabinowitz. (Miranda has proven his Jewish-theater bona fides before:He sang To Life from Fiddler on the Roof at his own wedding, and alsoperformed in Hebrew in a college a cappella group.)

After briefly cursing an old Jews worst nightmare: stairs, Crystal ended his routine by leading Radio City Music Hall in a giant Oy vey chant. It was surely a nice consolation prize, given that Mr. Saturday Night, based on Crystals 1992 movie of the same name, left the evening with none of the five awards it had been nominated for (the top prize for Best Musical instead went to Pulitzer Prize winner A Strange Loop).

Some otherJewish-adjacent nomineeswere more successful. The Lehman Trilogy, an expansive play about multiple generations of the Jewish banking family, took home Best Play and four other Tonys. Company, a gender-swapped revival of the classic Stephen Sondheim show that premiered shortly afterthe Broadway titans death, won five awards including Best Musical Revival. And Take Me Out, a restaging of Jewish playwright Richard Greenbergs 2002 play about a professional baseball player who comes out as gay to his teammates, won for Best Revival of a Play, as well as for its lead actor Jesse Tyler Ferguson.

Girl From the North Country, a jukebox musical that reimagines Bob Dylans songbook for a Depression-era story about American hardship, also won a Tony for Best Orchestrations. During the broadcast, North Country star Jeannette Bayardelle delivereda showstopping live medleyof Dylans Like a Rolling Stone and Pressing On (the latter from the raised-Jewish rockersChristian conversion phasein the 1970s and 80s).

And there was one more Jewish appearance at the Tonys, as Spring Awakening star Lea Michelereunited with that 2006 shows cast for an anniversary performance.

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Due to the war, Gerda Cole was forced to give up her daughter. The 98-year-old was reunited for the first time with her 80-year-old daughter.

Gerda Cole left her family and world behind when she was just 15 years old. The year was 1939, and Gerdas native city of Vienna had become a hell for Jews.

Germany had absorbed the Austrian Republic the year before in the Anschluss (German for union) and Vienna was now part of the Nazi Reich. Home to nearly 200,000 Jews, Viennese Jews were being stripped of their rights and dignity.

One of the Nazis first actions in Vienna was to outlaw Jewish communal organizations and send their leaders to the Dachau concentration camp. Jews were forbidden from many professions and hundreds of businesses were forcibly seized from Jewish owners. If any Jews in Vienna doubted the brutal hatred that was directed against them, the night of November 9, 1938 dispelled any lingering hope that there was a future for them.

Throughout Germany and Austria, mobs attacked Jews and their homes, synagogues, and businesses. Known as Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, the mobs were particularly virulent in Vienna. Nearly all of the citys synagogues were burned to the ground. Twenty-seven Jews were murdered and 6,000 Jews were arrested and sent to Dachau.

In the midst of this horror, a group of Jewish and non-Jewish activists offered a lifeline to some Jewish children in Austria and Germany. Britain had agreed to accept refugees from Nazi Germany (including Austria) who were aged 16 or younger. Parents would not be allowed to accompany their children. Despite the trauma of sending away young children into the unknown, thousands of Jewish families leapt at the chance to send their precious children to safety. Between 1938 and roughly 1940, about 10,000 children escaped Austria and Germany, nearly all finding safe refuge in Britain on what became known as the Kindertransport. Gerda Cole was one of those unaccompanied children.

Life in Britain was hard. Gerda wed very young and the marriage was an unhappy one. Gerda became pregnant with a daughter, but by the time her baby was born in 1942 when Gerda was 18 years old, her marriage was already ending.

I had very limited personal education, Gerda recently explained. She was destitute. This, combined with wartime, left me no recourse but to have the baby adopted under the advice of the refugee committee, Gerda explained. (The Refugee Committee was part of the Central British Fund for German Jewry, one of the major groups working to bring Jewish refugees to Britain and to look after them once they arrived.) It was hard, Gerda told The Washington Post. If she had been in a better position, she would have tried to keep her daughter.

Gerda agreed to give her baby up for adoption to a German couple who was living in the United Kingdom. The terms of the adoption agreement were clear: Gerda could have no contact with her child after the adoption. There was only one act that Gerda was allowed to perform for her new baby, giving her a name. Gerda named her daughter Sonya, though she had no way of knowing if her babys new parents would keep the moniker.

Gerda went on to wed four more times. While her romantic life seems to have been tumultuous, she developed a deep passion for education and archeology. She worked as an accountant and took on a part time job at a Burger King to help fund her global travels. A keen archeologist, Gerda has spent much time volunteering on digs in Israel. In 1965, she moved to Canada where she began to study. She eventually earned three degrees, including an honors BA in Jewish Studies from the University of Toronto.

Though she has stepchildren and step grandchildren, Gerda never had another biological child after Sonya. She often thought of the daughter shed given up for adoption, but had no way to contact her.

Then, in recent weeks, something miraculous occurred.

Sonya Grist (she did keep the name) is now a retired tour guide living in England. She grew up curious about her biological parents, married and had three children. One of her sons, Stephen, has been curious about his heritage and even considered applying for Austrian citizenship, based on his mothers Austrian heritage. Through the years, Stephen turned to online research to learn more about his family. I would spend an hour a night going down these rabbit holes and finding out remarkable information along the way, he explained. He knew the names of his mothers biological parents and was trying to find information about them.

Recently, Stephen tracked down somebody he thought might be related to his grandmother and contacted him through Facebook. It turns out he was Gerdas step grandson. Stephen explained that he was researching his family heritage and asked the man if he could provide him with Gerdas death certificate. You wont find her death certificate, the man replied, because shes still alive.

Stephen was shocked. His biological grandmother is now 98 years old. Sonya is 80 and had long wanted to know about her birth parents. Shed tried to locate them through the years but with no success. Stephen waited for two weeks, mulling how to break the news to his mother, then eventually told her what hed found. My first reaction was, I want to go and see her, Sonya explained.

Last month, she and Stephen decided to fly to Toronto, where Gerda lives in a retirement home. The day after they arrived - May 7, 2022 - was Gerdas 98th birthday and also Canadas Mothers Day. The moment could not have been more fortuitous. Staff at Gerdas home decorated their party room for the big event in blue, Gerdas favorite color. Gerda donned a crown and sash, and entered the room, ready to meet her long lost daughter at last.

When Sonya and Gerda embraced, they dissolved into tears. They discovered they have many similar traits, including their love of travel and adventure and of learning new languages. Sonya is a little bit of me, Gerda explained at the party. I made so many mistakes, and yet she went looking for me and found me, Gerda said.

Sonya told reporters at the party that she understood the pressures her mother had been under when she gave her up for adoption: I bear no malice, no grudges, no nothing.

For Gerda, the meeting felt like a gift. It was incredible. When I heard, I just couldnt believe it. This must be a miracle. It means so much to me was definitely the best thing that has happened to me.

Now that shes been reunited with Sonya and her grandchildren, Gerda has one final wish: I would love to join their family. At this point, there is nothing more I would like than to be together.

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The fascinating story of the Jews of Brazil.

Its not New York, Cincinnati or Philadelphia. The oldest and first Jewish community in the Americas was established in Brazil, where Sephardic Jews founded the first synagogue in Recife in 1636. This is the fascinating story of the Jews of Brazil.

Following a century of successful discovery and colonization, the Portuguese monarchy told Pedro Alvares Cabral in the year 1500 to take his ships as far west as he could to see if he could find an alternate route to India. Accompanying Cabral on this trip as the interpreter was a Jew, Gaspar da Gama.

Gaspar was discovered by famed explorer Vasco da Gama in India, where Vasco da Gama was shocked to find a white man serving as an advisor to one of the local rulers. VascoDa Gama decided that he could use someone who spoke the Eastern languages, so he decided to take this man back with him to Lisbon. He had the Jew convert to Catholicism and adopt the name of Gaspar da Gama in deference to the explorer.

Famed explorer Vasco da Gama

When Cabral traveled to the West, he thought it would be helpful to have Gaspar with him to converse with the natives. After crossing the Atlantic Ocean, they arrived at the land that would eventually be known as Brazil. The first man to set foot on this new land was Gaspar. Unfortunately, his knowledge of Indian dialects was of no value in trying to talk to the Brazilians, and it was then that the Portuguese settlement in Brazil began.

After discovering Brazil, the Portuguese settlers moved westward, hoping to discover gold and silver and extend their landmass. They were known as the Bandeirantes because they carried a bandeira (flag) with them. Based on their names, records suggest that many of them were conversos, hidden Jews. One of the most important Bandeirantes was Fernando de Noronha, a Portuguese converso with many contacts in the Lisbon court. He convinced the crown to lease him the land and that he would give them in exchange a wood named Pau Brazil that provided a dye and other precious items he would find. The wood that he sent gave the land the name Brazil.

#Historians suggest that his leasing scheme was an effort to help Portuguese Jews by creating a place for them to live away from the growing threats of the Catholic Church and the Inquisition.

Historians suggest that his leasing scheme was an effort to help Portuguese Jews by creating a place for them to live away from the growing threats of the Catholic Church and the Inquisition. This was crucial because after they were expelled from Spain in 1492 by the infamous Alhambra Decree, many Jewish Spaniards moved to nearby Portugal where they were far more tolerant of Jews.

Rabbi Isaac Aboab da Fonseca

But this haven came to an end in 1497 when Portugal expelled its Jews. At this point, some Jews moved to the Netherlands, and others tried to move to the far-flung colonies, hoping to get as far as possible from the centralized government and its Inquisition. Thus, many New Christians or conversos settled in Brazil, where they would benefit from Fernando de Noronhas settlement.

In 1600, the Dutchs East Indies Company that imported spices and exotic products from the Far East was highly successful. So the Dtuch decided to create a West Indies Company that would import natural resources from New York, the Caribbean Islands, and Brazil, a major producer of sugar.

The Dutch defeated the Portuguese in Northeastern Brazil and began to establish a Dutch settlement there, called New Holland. The Dutch allowed religious freedom in New Holland. As a result, many Portuguese conversoswho lived in the Portuguese-controlled areas of Brazil moved to there to become full-fledged Jews once again. Two hundred Dutch Jews were also part of the original Dutch settlement. The Jews established a variety of businesses in New Holland and were particularly involved in the development of Brazils sugar industry.

Street of the Jews

Most of these Jewish merchants lived onthe Rua dos Judeus - Street of the Jews. It was on this street that the first synagogue in the Western Hemisphere was built in 1636. It was called Kahal Tzur Israel, the Rock of Israel.

Synagogue records show a well-organized Jewish community with high participation, including a Talmud Torah school, a tzedakah fund, and an overseeing executive committee. In 1642, Rabbi Isaac Aboab da Fonseca, a well-knownAmsterdamrabbi, and Moses Raphael dAguilar came to Brazil as spiritual leaders to assist the congregations of Kahal Zur in Recife and Magen Abraham in Mauricia.

For years, the Dutch settlement prospered, but then the West Indies Companybegan to lose interest in the colony, as the profits were less than other areas under its control. The Portuguese successfully drove the Dutch out of Brazil in 1654, following a nine-year war.

In the Treaty of Guararapes, the Portuguese promised to respect the religious freedom of those who chose to remain in Brazil under Portuguese control. However, in the coming years, the Portuguese went back on their word and accused the Jews of heresy and persecuted them.

Brazilian stamp commemorating Kahal Zur Israel

At that point, 150 Jewish families chose to return to Amsterdam, but others moved to Dutch-controlled areas of the Western Hemisphere. Twenty-three of these Dutch Jews traveled to New Amsterdam, today's New York. Peter Stuyvesant was the governor of New Amsterdam and did not like Jews. He asked permission from the West Indies Company to expel them, not realizing that a percentage of the shareholders were in fact Jews. He received a response from Amsterdam telling him to treat "our shareholders" with consideration.

Despite the Jews hope that distance would protect them from the long arm of the Inquisition, Portuguese persecution followed them to the New World. In 1647, Isaac de Castro was arrested for teaching Judaism in Portuguese-controlled Brazil. He was deported toPortugal, where the Inquisition sentenced him to death and burned him at the stake. Recognizing the danger, Jews hid their Jewish identities, immigrated to Dutch-controlled areas, or moved to the interior of Brazil where there was less oversight.

Historians have recently come across populations in Brazil's interior that have seemingly Jewish practices. These groups cant explain why but they light candles on Friday, read only the Old Testament, do not eat pork or shellfish, and refrain from eating bread during Easter.

Antonio Jos da Silva

One of the most famous cases regarding the Inquisition in Brazil was that of Antonio Jos da Silva. Da Silva was a law student living in Rio de Janeiro, and he also wrote several successful plays. He was denounced to the Inquisition and arrested and sent to Portugal. He refused to recant and was burned at the stake on October 19, 1739. His courage inspired Jewish and non-Jewish Brazilians and in 1996 his story was made into a Brazilian film calledO Judeu, The Jew.

In 1773, a Portuguese royal decree abolished persecution against Jews. As a result, Jews gradually settled in Brazil, although nearly all of the original Brazilian conversos had assimilated by then.

In 1822, after Brazil gained its official independence fromPortugal,Moroccan Jewsbegan moving to Brazil. In 1824, they founded a synagogue in Belem (northern Brazil) called Porta do Cebu (Gate of Heaven). By World War I, the Sephardic community of Belem, composed primarily of Moroccans, had approximately 800 members. In the 1950s, an additional wave of Jewish immigration brought more than 3,500 Moroccan Jews to Brazil.

Porta do Cebu (Gate of Heaven) in Belem, Brazil

Ashkenazi European Jews began arriving in Brazil around 1850. Brazil was not the preferred destination of European Jews seeking a new life in South America. Jewish and non-Jewish Europeans tended to prefer the more cosmopolitan Argentina. At the beginning of the 20th century, Argentina had one of the highest standards of living in the world. It is possible that the immigrants who chose Brazil did so because the fare was far less than traveling by boat to Buenos Aires which was 1500 miles to the south.

Almost 30,000 Western European Jews, mainly from Germany, came to Brazil in the 1920s to escape European antisemitism. By 1929, they had established communities to the extent that there were 27 Jewish schools.

In the 1930s, Brazilian intellectuals began slandering the Jews, portraying them as non-European, impoverished communists, greedy capitalists, and detrimental to progress. The Nazi Party also encouraged antisemitism among the German diaspora, though they were far more successful in nearby Argentina.

In 1938, Brazil began an active assimilation effort and closed Yiddishnewspapers and the Jewish organizations, both secular and religious. A wave ofantisemitismfollowed, including several printings of theProtocols of the Elders of Zion. With the outbreak of World War II, Brazil adopted an immigration policy that banned any more Jewish refugees from entering the country.

Jewish immigrants from Poland at the port of arrival in Brazil, 1926. Courtesy: Segio Zalis, Brazil

Yet, the Brazilian ambassador to France, Ambassador Luis Martins de Souza Dantas, saw things differently and heroically chose to ignore the Brazil ban on Jewish immigration. Seeing what would happen to the Jews should they remain in France, he granted immigration visas to hundreds of French Jews, saving their lives from the Holocaust.

After the Holocaust, Brazil adopted a new, more democratic constitution, and anti-Semitism decreased. Jewish immigration strengthened the community with increasing numbers, and by the 1960s, Brazilian Jewry was thriving. In the 1966 parliamentary elections, six Jews representing various parties were elected to the federal legislature. In addition, Jews served in state legislatures and municipal councils.

Horacio Lafer was the Jewish Minister of Finance in the 1950s and 1960s He was instrumental in arranging for thousands of displaced Jews from Syria, Lebanon, and other Middle Eastern countries to be able to settle in Brazil.

Today Brazil has the ninth largestJewish community in the world and the second-largest Jewish population in Latin America after Argentina. The Jewish population totals about 130,000. About 70,000 Jews live in Sao Paulo, which is the commercial and industrial heart of Brazil, and another 30,000 live in Rio

The remaining 30,000 Jews are distributed throughout the other towns in the country. In fact, there is a saying in Brazil that if a town doesn't have a Jewish merchant, it doesn't deserve to be called a town.

Sao Paulo Jews are particularly proud of their support of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, considered by many the best hospital in all of South America. It was the first hospital outside of the United States to be accredited by the Joint Commission.

In present-day Brazil, the Jewish community lives in peace and stability and is able to practice their religion freely. In contrast to the anti-semitism that marred its history, today the greatest threat to Brazilian Jewry is intermarriage and assimilation.

At the same time, due to the efforts of many individuals, Jewish schools, adult education classes, and kosher establishments have begun to flourish.

The Kahal Zur synagogue in Recife, the first shul ever built in the Americas

Incredibly the Kahal Zur synagogue in Recife, the first shul ever built in the Americas, was reopened in 2002, 347 years after it was closed by Portuguese colonial rule. The synagogue had not been used since the mid-17th century when the Portuguese defeated the Dutch at Recife and expelled the estimated 1,500 Jews and bannedJudaism. The synagogue is now open once again thanks to the generosity of the Safra banking family.

After World War II, Binyomin Citron was a builder and communal leader in Sao Paulo. In the early 1950s he met with the leading American sage, Rabbi Aharon Kotler, and proudly told him about a beautiful building that he had built for use as a yeshiva, describing how he was going to produce strong educated Jews just like a great American yeshiva.

With great insight, Rabbi Kotler responded to him, Buildings dont create strong educated Jews, people do. If you have the right rabbis as teachers, you can produce great strong educated Jews. We will send you the best rabbi in the system to help build Torah in Brazil. Rabbi Kotler sent Reb Zelig Privalsky to Brazil, where he and many others helped create a Jewish future for thousands of Brazilian Jews - a future for the oldest Jewish community in the Western Hemisphere.

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Posted By admin on June 14, 2022

At reGeneration Education, we believe that more peaceful childhoods promote a culture of peace.

LOS ANGELES (PRWEB) June 14, 2022

Today, reGeneration Education announced the results of its 21-month study of systemic barriers that prevent children in Israel from accessing trauma-informed early childhood and elementary education. The authors of reGenerations study, Closing the Gap: Increasing Access to Trauma-Informed Education for PCI/Arab Communities in Israel Through Waldorf Education, identified Israeli governmental policies and societal phenomena that prevent trauma-informed Waldorf kindergartens and schools from opening in communities where Palestinian citizens of Israel (PCI) live. At a time when Israels new governing coalition has signaled receptivity to positive reform, reGenerations report charts a visionary path forward by uniting parents and teachers who are Palestinian citizens of Israel and Jewish Israelis to work together to close barriers to trauma-informed education.

Research shows that trauma-informed education can play a key role in supporting childrens healthy development in a diverse society. While any Israeli child may experience real hardships, a confluence of stressors merges in uniquely damaging ways for children who are Palestinian citizens of Israel. These societal stressors or Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) localized violence, communal poverty, regional instability, acculturation, and discrimination affect the everyday mental state of children who are Palestinian citizens of Israel and, if left unaddressed, can hinder their long-term intellectual, emotional and physical development and later participation in society. Trauma-informed education helps inoculate the stress experienced by all Israeli children and lays the foundation for a peaceful future.

Children who are Palestinian citizens of Israel deserve an education that frees their spirit, honors their heritage, and allows them to realize their full potential. Trauma-informed Waldorf education empowers students to create a culture of possibility that transforms their community and the world at large so that all children and families may thrive, said Muneer Waheed, Board of Directors at reGeneration Education. reGenerations research illuminates the challenges that Palestinian citizens of Israel face when trying to access healing trauma-informed Waldorf education. It is incumbent on all of us who want to see a peaceful future in the Holy Land to support the Muslim, Christian, and Jewish parents and teachers working together for peace through trauma-informed education.

reGeneration Educations research sought to understand the cause of the trauma-informed Waldorf school movements struggle to scale in communities where Palestinian citizens of Israel live. Throughout its 21-month study, reGeneration identified five key systemic obstacles preventing its expansion, affecting every stage of an educational institutions growth: systemic and individual governmental biases; school fundraising in the face of communal poverty; teacher hiring difficulties caused by anti-Arab employment discrimination in other fields; inaccessible and culturally irrelevant teacher training; and widespread teacher burnout.

Trauma-informed education bolsters schools with proactive strategies to empower children to meet their own needs for learning in healthy ways. Further, trauma-informed education is underpinned with ethics of equity, care, and unconditional positive regard for all members of the school community. The holistic Waldorf approach to learning has the potential to be highly valuable for trauma-affected children, especially those growing up in crisis zones, said Dr. Tom Brunzell, M.S, Ed.M., Ph.D., Honorary Fellow at the University of Melbourne, and Director of Education at Berry Street Victoria.

While many pedagogical approaches to trauma-informed education are used worldwide, the most widely embraced system in Israel is Waldorf education. Over 200 Hebrew Waldorf kindergartens, elementary schools, and high schools support Jewish Israeli families, making it the country's most popular trauma-informed secular school movement. Despite significant and long-expressed interest from parents who are Palestinian citizens of Israel, the number of Arab Waldorf institutions has not kept pace with the rising demand. Less than three kindergartens and only one trauma-informed Waldorf school serve Palestinian citizens of Israel in Israel. Children who are Palestinian citizens of Israel, who have predominantly high exposure to ACEs, therefore cannot adequately engage with the benefits of trauma-informed education.

At a time when there is such a need to change the status quo, we must find ways to reach across divides and build more bridges between Jews, Muslims, and Christians. As we outline in our research, trauma-informed education through Waldorf methods has a historical track record of both successfully lifting children in crisis zones up and building inclusive school communities of families that welcome diversity, said Shepha Schneirsohn Vainstein, M.A. LMFT, President of reGeneration Education.

Grounded in the recommendations of its research participants, who are Palestinian citizens of Israel and Jewish Israelis, reGenerations report includes the Arab Waldorf Growth Platform, a roadmap for navigating the obstacles that impede the growth of trauma-informed education in communities where Palestinian citizens of Israel live. In an Israeli society shared between Jewish and Palestinian citizens, reGeneration Educations Arab Waldorf Growth Platform unites both peoples to work together to implement strategies for positive change.

Please visit the complete research report or executive summary of Closing the Gap: Increasing Access to Trauma-Informed Education for PCI/Arab Communities in Israel Through Waldorf Education here: https://regenerationeducation.org/what-we-do/knowledge-center.

About reGeneration EducationreGeneration Education is a U.S. 501(c)3 nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing peacebuilding through innovative approaches to the education, development, and resilience of young children in crisis zones so they are able to imagine and create a better future. Since 2005, reGeneration has laid the groundwork for peace by nurturing over twenty thousand Palestinian and Jewish Israeli children with trauma-informed early childhood education and training over twelve hundred teachers in groundbreaking trauma-informed pedagogies. Learn more at regenerationeducation.org.

For press or other inquiries, please contact:

Thea LavinCommunication, Development, and Middle East Programs DirectorreGeneration Educationthea@regenerationeducation.org

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