Jewish American Heritage Month

Posted By admin on January 24, 2022

A new initiative to recover, study and elevate the voices and experiences of Jews of Color in the United States is launching at the University of Colorado Boulder with the support of a three-year, $250,000 grant from the Henry Luce Foundation.

Jews of Color: Histories and Futures is spearheaded by Samira K. Mehta, assistant professor of Jewish Studies and women and gender studies at the university. She is also the author of Beyond Chrismukkah: The Jewish-Christian Interfaith Family in the United States, which was a finalist for the 2018 National Jewish Book Award in American Jewish Studies.

Mehtas impetus for Jews of Color is both professional and personal. As a South Asian Jew, I want to talk about what happens if you are somebody who has a foot in both worlds where you experience racism in one world and antisemitism in the other.

I kept finding myself in networks of Jewish scholars who wanted to think about Jews and race, but very rarely were scholars of color really centered in the knowledge production. As the only person of color in the room, I found my thoughts and perspective sort of getting shunted aside. Listening to white people imagining what conversations about Jews and race should sound like, I wondered what this would be like with Jews of Color, she said.

She noted the very complicated relationship between white supremacy and American Jewish culture. When youve been hurt by white supremacy, how do you grapple with the fact that youve also benefited from it? I want to get at that by talking about how Jews of Color experience predominantly white Jewish spaces, she said.

There are four primary areas in the initiative: a working group of scholars, artists and activists from diverse communities; a digital archive centering the experiences of Jews of Color, focused on oral histories; public conversations; and publications, programs and creative projects focusing on such topics as Jews of Color, racism, white supremacy and American Jewish life.

Jews of Color, which will begin July 1, 2022, is a deeply collaborative partnership between the universitys Program in Jewish Studies and university Libraries, program director Elias Sacks stated on the school website. Mehta expressed her appreciation for the support she received. There are so many good people who do a lot of good work who got really excited about a chance to make a difference. Im really grateful for this chance to change the world.

This project builds on the legacy of the Center for Afro-Jewish Studies, which was founded and run by Lewis Gordon, then a professor of religion, philosophy and Judaic studies at Temple University in Philadelphia. Gordon, a Black Jew, founded the center in 2004 to produce research, education, publications and a digital archive that raised awareness of different kinds of Jews. The center hailed as a groundbreaking initiative trained doctoral students, mentored undergraduate students of different races, and inspired diverse communities to work together.

We brought to a global level a 21st century conception of thinking about Jewish peoples in the plural sense, and brought out the diversity of Black Jews, said Gordon, who plans to pursue a related project at the University of Connecticut where he is a professor of philosophy and Jewish studies. The center was dismantled when Gordon left Temple in 2014.

Gordon said that he would like to see the University of Colorado Boulder Jews of Color initiative create interactive learning resources that address the richness and complexity of how to understand and talk about Jewish people in our diversity at all levels, form partnerships with a variety of communities, and bring together a cross-generational group of some of the best minds working in that area globally as an open access resource for anybody who is trying to deal with these issues.

Jonathan VanAntwerpen, program director for religion and theology at the Luce Foundation lauded Mehtas project, in particular its aims to recover and amplify the voices of those members of the American Jewish community who identify as people of color.

Sandra Lawson, one of the first openly gay, female and Black rabbis in the world, and the first director of racial diversity, equity and inclusion at Reconstructing Judaism, the central organization of the Reconstructionist movement, said she looks forward to the universitys initiative broadening the conversation. For so long weve told Jewish narratives through a particular lens, said Lawson, who is a member of the projects working group of scholars, artists and activists. I think that anything we can do in 2022 that shows a broader picture of Jews of Color, a broader picture of the beautiful tapestry of the Jewish people, a broader tapestry of the people in the United States, is good.

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A chance to change the world new initiative to elevate voices and experiences of Jews of Color - Forward

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Posted By admin on January 24, 2022

The FBI has reaffirmed its commitment to protect the Jewish community in El Paso and West Texas from any potential threats after the Texas synagogue attack.

Special Agent in Charge Jeffrey R. Downey of the FBI El Paso Field Office joined Mr. Robert French, Executive Director of Jewish Federation of Greater El Paso and the Jewish Community Foundation of El Paso, in urging the public to report any threats or suspicious activity.

The FBI El Paso Field Office has a very close and enduring relationship with the Jewish community in El Paso, SAC Downey said. I have personally reached out to several Jewish leaders to assure them we will never lose sight of the threat extremists pose to the Jewish community and to other religious, racial, and ethnic groups. We continue to work with the Jewish Federation of Greater El Paso, the Anti-Defamation League, and others to protect members of the Jewish community from all potential threats. Additionally, we will continue to establish and build trusted relationships across West Texas, maintain open dialogue, and share critical information. We ask that you reach out to us if you see something suspicious or threatening.

We have always maintained a strong and open connection with the FBI El Paso Field Office. Not just the Jewish Federation of Greater El Paso, but our local Jewish schools and places of worship, too, Mr. French said. They have always made themselves fully available in terms of safety, training and consultation. This act of terror in Colleyville, has only strengthened our resolve to work together to combat hatred, bigotry, anti-Semitism and intolerance towards us and other religious, ethnic and racial groups. As International Holocaust Remembrance Day approaches next week (January 27)it is incumbent upon us to ensure that the lessons learned during the darkest stain on humanity are not forgotten.

Anyone who is aware of threats or other suspicious activity should contact the FBI at 1-800-CALL-FBI or go to tips.fbi.gov.

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FBI, Jewish Federation of Greater El Paso Come Together to Urge Public to Report Threats, Suspicious Activity - Federal Bureau of Investigation

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Posted By admin on January 24, 2022

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Touro Synagogue

The attack Saturday (Jan. 15) on a synagogue near Fort Worth, Texas, where four people were taken hostage, reverberated across the American Jewish community and heightened concerns about safety and security. Those concerns are particularly acute in Uptown New Orleans, the home not only of two synagogues, Temple Sinai and Touro Synagogue, but also of Tulane Universitys Hillel and Chabad houses and the Jewish Community Center.

What we know, and have known for generations, is that it takes courage to walk through the world as a Jew, and it takes strength to deny those who would harm us the power over our humanity that they seek, Touro Synagogue posted on its Facebook page after the hostage incident in Texas. We will continue to be proud of who we are, and we will continue to love others for who they are.

We pray for peace for all of those families of all of those who were affected. We pray for the day when well beat our swords into plowshares, our spears into pruning hooks, when none will make us afraid, said Rabbi Daniel Sherman in a video message to his congregation, referencing words from the Jewish prophet Isaiah.

To help address the communitys questions about safety and security, the Jewish Federation of Greater New Orleans and the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) hosted a virtual town hall on Thursday with representatives from law enforcement agencies and from institutions that combat antisemitism, including the Secure Community Network, the FBI, and various police and sheriffs departments around the New Orleans area.

Tonight is a night of optimism, not a time to fear. Our best path forward is to collectively become active, vocal, and aggressive in combating antisemitism, racism, bigotry, and other faces of hate, said Arnie Fielkow, CEO of the Federation.

If there is one lesson from the hostage situation in Texas it is that proper training saves lives.

A British man entered a small synagogue in Colleyville, Texas, and took congregants inside hostage for 11 hours, demanding the release of a woman held in federal prison on terrorism charges. The rabbi, Charlie Cytron-Walker, slowly got closer and closer to the exit throughout the night, and when he had the chance, he threw a chair at the gunman and ran. All the hostages escaped alive.

According to the New York Times, Rabbi Walker said he was able to keep a cool head and escape because he had attended several security trainings over the years with the local police department, the FBI, the ADL and the Security Community Network, an organization that provides safety resources for Jewish institutions across the U.S.

We know from the survivors from these events that they were training, and that training helped them save their lives, said Bradley Orsini, senior national security adviser for the Secure Community Network.

Although all of the hostages escaped physically unharmed, the hostage situation caused intense anxiety and sorrow across the Jewish community, as it comes after years of rising antisemitism. In recent years, gunmen have attacked synagogues and murdered Jews in Poway, California, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

During the community safety meeting, Aryeh Tuchman, the senior associate director at ADLs Center for Extremism, shared a chart that showed how reported incidents of antisemitism have risen in the past few years, from 1,267 in 2016 to more than 2,000 in 2019 and 2020.

Speakers at the meeting stressed that members of the Jewish community need to be vigilant, check their security systems, and report every single act of antisemitism they may witness. People can report antisemitism at http://www.adl.org/reportincident.

Test your alarm systems, test your panic buttons, Orsini said.

James Stewart, the former police chief of Hammond and now the Jewish Federations security director, walked through steps he was taking to address potential security vulnerabilities across the greater New Orleans region. He is working with synagogues and other Jewish institutions to schedule active shooter drills, risk assessments and security training, and encouraged anyone with questions to reach out to him at james@jewishnola.com. Stewart also said he will be conducting a security assessment of Jewish cemeteries in the area, as they are often targets for antisemitic vandalism.

In addition, Stewart is working to coordinate security efforts with law enforcement; for example, he asked Jewish institutions to send him floor plans for their buildings, so that law enforcement can have those plans ready in case of a hostage situation.

Representatives of the New Orleans Police Department who were at the meeting said that Stewart texted them as soon as news broke about the hostage situation in Texas. As a result, they were able to quickly send extra patrols to Jewish institutions on Saturday.

If anything happens at the Jewish Community Center, my office will be there first, said Capt. Eric Gillard of NOPDs SecondDistrict.

The NOPD stands with you all, said Capt. Preston Bax Jr. of the NOPDs Sixth District.

In addition to resources from the Secure Community Network, Jewish institutions are also eligible to apply for federal grants that will reimburse up to $150,000 in security-related expenses, like buying new cameras. FEMAs Nonprofit Security Grant Program gives out $180 million each year to nonprofits and religious groups that could be targets of terrorist attacks.

Jewish institutions have little difficulty in proving that theyre eligible for these grants, said Michelle Neal, director of education and allocations at the Jewish Federation. Just by being a synagogue, you are considered at-risk for terrorist attacks.Just by having Jewish in your name, youre considered at-risk, Neal said.

Fielkow said that the greater New Orleans area got nearly $1 million in security grants last year, making it one of the biggest grants per-capita for any region. Institutions that rent rather than own their building are still eligible for grants.

Neal said that the process for applying for a federal grant can be daunting, but she is happy to work with any institutions to guide them through the process.

The resources are there for you to be able to make a really solid grant application, she said. Its not for the lighthearted, its a serious grant.

Speakers at the meeting also noted that there will be an important opportunity coming soon to push Louisiana legislators to do more to help nonprofits and religious institutions protect themselves against terrorism and hate crimes.

The legislature unanimously passed a bill last year, HB 242, to start the process of creating a state fund for security grants, so that faith communities will not have to rely on the increasingly competitive race for federal dollars. But lawmakers wont actually work out crucial details, like how much funding will be available, until the legislative session in March.

State Rep. Dustin Miller, D-Opelousas, sponsored the bill after his own district witnessed terrible hate crimes: the burning of several Black churches in St. Landry Parish in 2019. Aaron Ahlquist, a policy director for the ADL Southern Division, said that these incidents highlight how fighting hatred is a common cause across all faith groups.

The crisis facing the Jewish community is shared by many in the broader faith community, he said.

The hostage situation in Texas also brings to light a deeper, more existential issue for the Jewish community: how to remain welcoming and open while still maintaining security. Welcoming the stranger is a core Jewish value, and the rabbi at the Texas synagogue even made tea for the gunman before he was taken hostage.

I think we can overarchingly characterize the position of the Greater New Orleans Jewish community as: how do we balance Jewish values with the clear and present danger of a marked rise in antisemitism? said Caitrin Gladow, marketing and communications director at the Jewish Federation of Greater New Orleans.

Reporter Sharon Lurye can be reached at sharonrlurye@gmail.com.

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Uptown synagogues and other Jewish institutions on guard against potential attacks - Uptown Messenger

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Posted By admin on January 24, 2022

WASHINGTON, D.C. Today, U.S. Senator CoryBooker(D-NJ) announced the introduction of theBanning Surveillance Advertising Act,legislation that prohibits advertising networks and facilitators from using personal data to target advertisements, with the exception of broad location targeting to a recognized place, such as a municipality. The bill also prohibits advertisers from targeting ads based on protected class information, such as race, gender, and religion, and personal data purchased from data brokers. The bill makes explicit that contextual advertising, which is advertising based on the content a user is engaging with, is allowable. Congresswomen Anna G. Eshoo (D-CA) and Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) introduced theBanning Surveillance Advertising Acttoday in the House.

Surveillance advertising is a predatory and invasive practice. The hoarding of peoples personal data not only abuses privacy, but also drives the spread of misinformation, domestic extremism, racial division, and violence, saidSenatorBooker. With the introduction of the Ban Surveillance Advertising Act, advertisers will be forced to stop exploiting individuals online behavior for profits and our communities will be safer as a result.

The surveillance advertising business model is premised on the unseemly collection and hoarding of personal data to enable ad targeting. This pernicious practice allows online platforms to chase user engagement at great cost to our society, and it fuels disinformation, discrimination, voter suppression, privacy abuses, and so many other harms. The surveillance advertising business model is broken, saidRep. Eshoo.Im proud to partner with SenatorBookerand Congresswoman Schakowsky on legislation to ban this toxic business model that causes irreparable harm to consumers, businesses, and our democracy.

Surveillance advertising is at the heart of every exploitative online business model that exacerbates manipulation, discrimination, misinformation, extremism, and fundamentally violates peoples privacy in ways they would never choose if given a true choice. The Banning Surveillance Advertising Act will put a stop to this repulsive practice and therefore protect consumers by removing the financial incentive for companies to exploit consumers personal information and help stop a morass of online harms. Im proud to join my colleagues Representative Eshoo and SenatorBookerto stop this poisonous practice, saidRep. Schakowsky. I remain committed to passing bipartisan, comprehensive consumer data privacy legislation, and I believe a ban on this practice should be a part of any such privacy law. I look forward to continued discussion with Energy and Commerce Members on both sides of the aisle in order to achieve this outcome.

TheBanning Surveillance Advertising Actis supported by leading public interest organizations, academics, and companies with privacy-preserving business models, including the following:

Quotes from endorsing organizations can be viewedhere.

The full text of the legislation can be viewedhere.

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Booker Announces Introduction of Bill to Ban Surveillance Advertising - Senator Cory Booker

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Posted By admin on January 22, 2022

What is Holocaust Denial?

The Holocaust is one of the best documented events in history. Holocaust denial describes attempts to negate the established facts of the Nazi genocide of European Jewry. Common denial assertions are that the murder of six million Jews during World War II never occurred; that the Nazis had no official policy or intention to exterminate the Jews; and that the poison gas chambers in the Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center never existed.

A newer trend is the distortion of the facts of the Holocaust. Common distortions include assertions that the figure of six million Jewish deaths is an exaggeration; that deaths in the concentration camps were the results of disease or starvation but not policy; and that the diary of Anne Frank is a forgery.

Holocaust denial is generally motivated by hatred of Jews, and builds on an accusation that the Holocaust was invented or exaggerated by Jews as part of a plot to advance Jewish interests. This view perpetuates long-standing antisemitic stereotypes by accusing Jews of conspiracy and world domination, hateful charges that were instrumental in laying the groundwork for the Holocaust.

Holocaust distortion may be associated with antisemitism, but there are also forms that may result from a lack of respect or awareness of the subject. Regardless of the motivation, all forms of Holocaust distortion open the door to more dangerous forms of denial and antisemitism because they cast doubt on the reality of the Holocaust.

The United States Constitution ensures freedom of speech. Therefore, in the United States denying the Holocaust or engaging in antisemitic hate speech is not illegal, except when there is an imminent threat of violence. Many other countries, particularly in Europe where the Holocaust occurred, have laws criminalizing Holocaust denial and hate speech.

This timeline lists some key events in the evolution of Holocaust denial.

194244To conceal the evidence of their annihilation of Europe's Jews, Germans and their collaborators destroy evidence of mass graves at the Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka killing centers, and at thousands of sites of mass shooting operations throughout German-occupied Poland, the German-occupied Soviet Union, and Serbia, including Babi Yar, in an operation code named Aktion 1005.

1943In a speech to SS Generals at Poznan, Heinrich Himmler, Reich Leader (Reichsfhrer) of the SS (Schutzstaffel; Protection Squadrons), remarks that the mass murder of the European Jews will be kept secret, never to be recorded.

1955Willis Carto founds an influential, far right group based in Washington, DC, that eventually comes to be known as the Liberty Lobby. Led by Carto until its bankruptcy in 2001, the Liberty Lobby advocates a racially pure United States and blames Jews for problems facing the US and the world. The Liberty Lobby begins to publish Holocaust denial literature in 1969.

1959American clergyman Gerald L. K. Smith's antisemitic publication, Cross and the Flag, claims that six million Jews were not killed during the Holocaust but immigrated to the United States during World War II.

1964Paul Rassinier, a French Communist who had been interned by the Nazis, publishes The Drama of European Jewry, in which he claims that gas chambers were an invention of a Zionist establishment.

196667American historian Harry Elmer Barnes publishes articles in the Libertarian periodical Rampart Journal claiming that the Allies overstated the extent of Nazi atrocities in order to justify a war of aggression against the Axis powers.

1969Noontide Press, a subsidiary of the Liberty Lobby, publishes a book entitled The Myth of the Six Million.

1973Austin J. App, professor of English literature at LaSalle University in Philadelphia, publishes a pamphlet: The Six Million Swindle: Blackmailing the German People for Hard Marks with Fabricated Corpses. The pamphlet becomes a foundation for future claims by Holocaust deniers.

1976Northwestern University engineering professor Arthur R. Butz publishes The Hoax of the Twentieth Century: The Case Against the Presumed Extermination of European Jewry. Butz was the first Holocaust denier to use the pretense of academic rigor to disguise his falsehoods. Northwestern responds by declaring Butz's statements an embarrassment to the university.

1977Ernst Zndel, a German citizen living in Canada, establishes Samisdat Publishers, which issues neo-Nazi literature that includes Holocaust denial. In 1985 the Canadian government prosecuted Zndel for distributing information he knew to be false.

1977David Irving publishes Hitler's War, arguing that Hitler neither ordered nor condoned the Nazi policy of the genocide of the European Jews. Irving distorts historical evidence and scholarly methods to lend legitimacy to his thesis.

1978William David McCalden (also known as Lewis Brandon) and Willis Carto found the Institute for Historical Review (IHR) in California, which publishes material and sponsors conferences denying the Holocaust. The IHR masks its hateful, racist messages under the guise of valid academic inquiry.

1980The IHR promises a $50,000 reward to anyone who can prove that Jews were gassed at Auschwitz. Survivor Mel Mermelstein submits an affidavit of his internment at Auschwitz and brings suit against the IHR when the institute refuses to pay. In October 1981, Superior Court judge Thomas T. Johnson uses "judicial notice," which allows courts to recognize as fact matters that are common knowledge, to issue a ruling that the Holocaust was fact and that Jews were gassed at Auschwitz.

1981A French court convicts literature professor Robert Faurisson of inciting hatred and discrimination for calling the Holocaust a historical lie.

1984In a landmark case, a Canadian court convicts public school teacher James Keegstra of willfully promoting hatred against an identifiable group for espousing Holocaust denial and other antisemitic views to his social studies students.

1985The then-West German criminal code is updated to include provisions banning incitement to hatred including through forms associated with denial of the Holocaust. The German government updates and strengthens this law again in 1992, 1994, 2002, 2005 and 2015.

1986On July 8, the Israeli parliament passes a law criminalizing denial of the Holocaust.

1987California-based Bradley Smith founds the Committee for Open Debate on the Holocaust. During the early 1990s, Smith's organization places full-page advertisements or editorial pieces in more than a dozen American college newspapers under the headline The Holocaust Story: How Much is False? The Case for Open Debate. Smith's campaign helps to blur the line between hate mongering and freedom of speech.

1987Jean Marie Le Pen, leader of France's far right National Front party, suggests that gas chambers were merely a detail of World War II. Le Pen runs for president in France in 1988 and comes in fourth.

1987Moroccan-Swedish writer Ahmed Rami begins broadcasting on Radio Islam, based in Sweden. The station describes the Holocaust as a Zionist/Jewish claim. Radio Islam later posts The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Mein Kampf, and other antisemitic texts on its website.

1988At the request of Ernst Zndel, Fred Leuchter (a self-proclaimed specialist in execution methods) travels to the site of the Auschwitz killing center. He later issues the Leuchter Report : An Engineering Report on the Alleged Execution Gas Chambers at Auschwitz, Birkenau and Majdanek, Poland, which is cited by Holocaust deniers to cast doubt on the use of gas chambers for mass murder.

1989David Duke, a white supremacist, wins a seat in the Louisiana State Legislature. Duke sells Holocaust denial literature from his legislative office.

1990The French government enacts the Gayssot Law which declares that questioning the scale or existence of crimes against humanity (as defined in the London Charter of 1945) is a criminal offense. This law serves as a stimulus to many other European countries that adopt similar laws in the 1990s and early 2000s.

1990In the course of criminal proceedings brought against Fred Leuchter by the State of Massachusetts, it is revealed that Leuchter never actually earned an engineering degree or license. Leuchter admits that he has no training in biology, toxicology, or chemistry, all of which are crucial to the claims of the 1988 Leuchter Report, which is often cited to support claims made by Holocaust deniers.

1990A Swedish court sentences Ahmed Rami to six months in jail for hate speech and revokes the broadcasting license of Radio Islam for one year.

1991The American Historical Association, the oldest professional organization of historians, issues a statement: No serious historian questions that the Holocaust took place.

1992The government of Austria amends its 1947 Prohibition Act to criminalize the denial and trivialization of the Holocaust.

1998The government of Poland adopts The Act on the Institute of National Remembrance - Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation. This is a significant piece of legislation that calls for the collection of data on crimes committed in Poland during the Nazi occupation and the years of communist rule. It also sets outprovisions that seek to redress forms of denial and distortion of Holocaust history.

1999A regional court in Opole, Poland, determines that a local professor, Dariusz Ratajczak, is guilty of self publishing Holocaust denial literature.

200046 governments affirm and agree to the wording of the Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust (external link). Also known as the Stockholm Declaration, it is a commitment to ensure the permanence of Holocaust research, education, and remembrance and to uphold the terrible truth of the Holocaust against those who deny it.

2000A British court declares David Irving an active Holocaust denier. Irving had sued Emory University historian Deborah Lipstadt for libel following the publication of her 1993 book Denying the Holocaust The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory.

2002The Zayed Center for Coordination and Follow-Up, a think tank of the League of Arab States based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), organizes a symposium on "Semitism." At the symposium, the Holocaust is called a false fable. The government of the UAE closes the Zayed Center in August 2003 after external pressure about the Centers anti-American and antisemitic publications and lectures.

2002Romania (PDF) passes an Emergency Ordinance criminalizing Holocaust denial in response to a growing movement to publically rehabilitate General Ion Antonescu, a pro-Fascist dictator who oversaw the deaths of 280,000 Jews and 11,000 Roma(Gypsies) during World War II.

2002Under the terms of hate speech regulations, Swedish courts sentence neo-Nazi Fredrik Sandberg to six months in prison for re-publishing the Third Reich-era pamphlet, The Jewish Question.

2003In the case of Garaudy v. France, the European Court of Human Rights decides that Roger Garaudy had engaged in forms of Holocaust denial that are not protected by the European Convention on Human Rights.

2003Wolfgang Frlich is arrested in Vienna and sentenced to three years in jail following his 2001 publication of a book entitled Die Gaskammaer Luege (The gas chamber lie). He is released after one year. In the years following, Frlich is re-arrested or has his sentences extended a number of times for continued instances of Holocaust denial, including in 2015 for writing to the Austrian chancellor claiming that the Holocaust could not have occurred.

2003The Romanian government establishes an international commission on the Holocaust in Romania, headed by Elie Wiesel. It consists of 30 Romanian and foreign historians. The objective of the commission is to examine the history of the Holocaust in Romania to identify the facts that took place and to disseminate the research results in the country and abroad. The organization of the commission follows public statements made earlier in 2003 by then President Ion Iliescu who minimized the Holocaust in Romania, and by former Information Minister Vasile Dincu who denied the Holocaust in Romania.

2005The Austrian government arrests David Irving for Holocaust denial. He receives a three-year sentence in 2006 but is released that December, contingent on his leaving Austria.

2005The government of Canada deports Ernst Zndel to Germany to stand trial for Holocaust denial. German courts convict Zndel for 14 counts related to Holocaust denial in 2007, for which he receives a five-year prison sentence.

2005In a speech broadcast on live television on December 14, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad calls the Holocaust a myth.

2005The Japanese magazine Marco Polo features an article written by freelance author Masanori Nishioka entitled "There Were No Nazi Gas Chambers." In the article, Nishioka claims that the Holocaust never happened and that the gas chambers at Auschwitz were created by the Polish Communist government after the war.

2006Iran's government sponsors a meeting of Holocaust deniers in Tehran cloaked as an academic conference called Review of the Holocaust: Global Vision. In the same year, Farid Mortazavi, graphics editor of the Iranian newspaper Hamshahri, announces a Holocaust cartoon contest with gold and cash prizes for the winners. There are nearly 1,200 submissions from over 60 countries, including cartoons denying or minimizing the Holocaust. Later in the year, the Saba Art and Cultural Institute in Tehran opens an exhibition, sponsored by Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, of a selection of 200 cartoons from the contest.

2007On January 26, the United Nations adopts a resolution condemning denial of the Holocaust. The General Assembly declares that denial is tantamount to approval of genocide in all its forms.

2008The European Union adopts a Framework Decision on combating racism and xenophobia (2008/913/JHA), which includes a call for EU member states to ensure that Holocaust denial is punishable by law.

2009English-born Roman Catholic Bishop Richard Williamson denies the existence of gas chambers and minimizes the extent of killing during the Holocaust. The Vatican orders Williamson to recant his statements. When he does not, the Vatican excommunicates Williamson from the Church.

2009David Duke, the former leader of the Ku Klux Klan, is arrested by Czech authorities for denying the Holocaust and inciting hate. He had been invited to speak at Charles University by the Nrodn odpor (National Resistance) group. The Czech government orders Duke to leave the country the following day. The State Prosecutors Office in Prague later dismisses the charges due to lack of evidence.

2010Bradley Smith places his first online Holocaust denial advertisement, which appears on the website of the University of Wisconsin's Badger Herald in February. The Internetbecause of its ease of access and dissemination, seeming anonymity, and perceived authorityis now the chief conduit of Holocaust denial.

2010The Dutch appeals court fines the Arab European League (AEL) 2,500 for publishing a cartoon on its website in 2006 that suggested the Holocaust was made up or exaggerated by Jews. According to the AEL, the organization published the cartoon to highlight double standards in free speech after a Danish newspaper published a cartoon of the Prophet Mohammad. The court also imposes a 2-year probation period on the AEL.

2010Lithuania updates its criminal code to include a law against denial and gross triviliazation of Nazi crimes and crimes perpetrated by Soviets in Lithuania.

2010Under its recently passed law on Holocaust denial, Lithuanian authorities investigate the Lithuanian magazine Veidas for publishing an article that called the Nuremberg Trials the greatest legal farce in history. The investigation closes in early 2011, after local investigators declare that the author did not intend to deny the Holocaust.

2011The vice chairman of Egypts Wafd Party tells the Washington Times in an interview that the September 11 terrorist attacks, the Holocaust, and Anne Franks diary are all historical fabrications. The Holocaust is a lie, says Ahmed Ezz El-Arab. He continues, the Jews under German occupation were 2.4 million. So if they were all exterminated, where does the remaining 3.6 million come from?

2012Nikolaos Michaloliakos, the head of Greeces far-right Golden Dawn party, denies the existence of gas chambers in Nazi concentration camps during the Holocaust. There were no ovens, no gas chambers, its a lie, he states during an interview aired on television.

2012Saudi cleric Salman al-Odeh tells Rotana Khalijiya TV that The Holocaust has a historical basis. Many stories about it are documented and well-founded. The problem lies, first of all, in the exaggeration of the Holocaust. It has been turned into a myth of tremendous proportions.... For thousands of years, the Jews were subject to persecution, deportation, killings, and accusations. Maybe much of this stemmed from their moral values, their treacherous nature, their schemes, and the ploys, which made other nations be wary of them.

2012Corneliu Vadim Tudor, a Romanian member of the European Parliament and leader of the nationalist Greater Romania Party, denies the Holocaust on the talk show Romania a la Raport. Tudor states, In Romania there was never a Holocaust.... I will deny it till I die because I love my people.

2013On Holocaust Remembrance Day, Fathi Shihab-Eddim, an aide to Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi, claims that the 6 million Jews who were killed by the Nazis actually relocated to the United States. U.S. intelligence agencies, in cooperation with their counterparts in Allied nations during World War II, created it [the Holocaust] to destroy the image of their opponents in Germany, and to justify war and massive destruction against military and civilian facilities of the Axis powers, and especially to hit Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the atomic bomb, states Shihab-Eddim.

2013Gyorgy Nagy becomes the first Hungarian to be convicted of Holocaust denial. Nagy carried a sign during a 2011 demonstration in Budapest which read the Holocaust never happened in Hebrew. The Court sentences him to 18 months in prison and probation. Part of his sentence is also to visit either Budapests Holocaust memorial museum, Auschwitz, or Yad Vashem.

2013The then-31 countries of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance pass a Working Definition of Holocaust Denial and Distortion, which outlines some of the ways that denial and distortion appear. Since 2013, several countries have adopted the definition at the national level to guide their approach to this problem.

2014Udo Voigt, the former leader of Germanys National Democratic Party (NDP) is appointed to the European Parliaments Civil Liberties, Justice, and Home Affairs Committee. While leader of the NDP, which espouses Neo-Nazi views, Voigt had praised Adolf Hitler and claimed that far fewer than six million Jews were murdered in the Holocaust. He was convicted of incitement of the people.

2014In his official 2014 Nowruz address, Iranian Ayatollah Ali Khamenei remarks: The Holocaust is an event whose reality is uncertain and if it has happened, its uncertain how it has happened.

2014The Russian Federation updates its criminal code to include provisions that criminalize some forms of Holocaust denial and the dissemination of false data on the activities of the USSR during the Second World War.

2015Two government-sponsored Iranian cultural organizations, Owj Media & Art Institute and the Sarcheshmeh Cultural Complex, announce a second Holocaust cartoon contest, expecting to receive entries from cartoonists in dozens of countries.

2015A German court finds Ursula Haverbeck guilty of sedition after she wrote a letter to the Mayor of Detmold, stating that it was "clearly recognizable" that Auschwitz was nothing more than a labor camp. She sent her message when the Detmold court was trying Reinhold Hanning, a former guard at the Auschwitz camp. In 2014, she had been on trial for saying that the Holocaust was "the biggest and longest-lasting lie in history."

2015Romania supplements its existing law against Holocaust denial to include forms of distortion and denial that engage with the legacy of and images associated with the Romanian Iron Guard.

2015The government of Hungary provides funding to build a statue in honor of Balint Homan, a Hungarian government official who had sponsored antisemitic policies and espoused antisemitic views during the years of the war and the Holocaust. In late 2015, senior Hungarian officials declare that the project should not move forward due to Homans negative historical legacy.

2015The government of Ukraine passes several so-called decommunization laws. Although these laws ban the use of communist and Nazi symbols, certain provisions also prohibit criticism of certain national heroes of the anti-Soviet resistance, including some persons whose historical records include collaboration with the Nazis and crimes against Jews and ethnic Poles during the years of the Holocaust.

2016On International Holocaust Remembrance Day, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei releases a video entitled Holocaust: Are the Dark Ages Over?" on his website, which includes his 2014 comments questioning the Nazi mass slaughter of six million Jews during World War II.

2016An exhibition displaying 150 Holocaust cartoons (external link) from the 11th Tehran International Cartoon Biennial opens in Tehran in the art section of the Islamic Propaganda Organization. Two weeks later, an awards ceremony is held for the winners of the Holocaust cartoon contest. Majid Mollanoroozi, the director of Tehran's Museum of Contemporary Art and the Head of the Graphic Arts section of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, takes part in the awards ceremony. Prizes reportedly total $50,000.

2016The Polish cabinet approves a bill imposing prison terms on anyone convicted of referring to death camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland as Polish. Claiming that the Poles collaborated with the Nazis in exterminating the Jews would also be considered a criminal offense.

2016 The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance passes its Non-Legally Binding Working Definition of Antisemitism. This definition includes language that indicates how Holocaust denial is a form of antisemitism. Since 2016, more than 20 countries have adopted the definition for use at the national level.

2018In January, the government of Poland amends its Law on the Institute of National Remembrance to include claims that contrary to the facts attribute to the Polish nation or the Polish state responsibility or co-responsibility for Nazi crimes. The original amendment makes such acts criminal, but in June the government modifies the law making such claims civil offences.

2018The mayor of Rome orders that city streets no longer be named after Italian fascists or Italian citizens who were known fascists.

2020The German government allocates special funding for the creation of a Global Task Force against Holocaust Denial and Distortion.

Author(s): United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC

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Holocaust Denial: Key Dates | Holocaust Encyclopedia

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Posted By admin on January 22, 2022

The United Nations on Thursday adopted a measure to fight Holocaust denial and condemn the Nazi genocide that killed millions of Jews.

The Israeli resolution lists actions countries should take to combat Holocaust denial and distortion including demanding that social media companies remove posts by deniers, according to The Times of Israel.

The measure which comes nearly a week after a man took hostages hostage at a Texas synagogue also outlines an official definition of Holocaust denial including intentional efforts to excuse or minimize [its] impact and attempts to blame the Jews for causing their own genocide.

Israel and other sponsorscalled the measure an important step for combating misinformation and ignorance about the disturbing piece of history and events surrounding it.

Holocaust denial has spread like a cancer. It has spread under our watch. It has spread because people have chosen to be irresponsible and to avoid accountability, said Gilad Erdan, Israels ambassador to the United Nations.

As the number of Holocaust survivors diminishes, Holocaust denial is growing at a terrifying speed, he said. As the number of survivors dwindles, the younger generations are being indoctrinated on social media to doubt reality and trust deception.

The measure was adopted by the UNs General Assembly, was co-sponsored by Germany and supported by the United States and Russia.

In total, 114 countries cosponsored the resolution with only Iran voicing opposition.

A representative from the Islamic Republic claimed the resolution was an attempt by Israel to exploit the suffering of Jewish people in the past as cover for the crimes it has perpetrated over the past seven decades against regional countries.

The resolution also urges UN countries to develop educational programs that will inculcate future generations with the lessons of the Holocaust in order to help to prevent future acts of genocide. And it demands that, social media companies take active measures to combat antisemitism and Holocaust denial or distortion.

The measure passed on the 80th anniversary of the Wannsee Conference organized by the Nazis to enact Hitlers Final Solution plan to eliminate Jewish people.

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UN adopts Israeli resolution to combat Holocaust denial

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Posted By admin on January 22, 2022

UNITED NATIONS (AP) The U.N. General Assembly approved an Israeli-sponsored resolution Thursday condemning any denial of the Holocaust and urging all nations and social media companies to take active measures to combat antisemitism and Holocaust denial or distortion.

The 193-member world body approved the resolution by consensus without a vote and with a bang of a gavel by Assembly President Abdulla Shahid who met with a group of Holocaust survivors before the assembly meeting. Israels No. 1 enemy, Iran, disassociated itself from the resolution.

The ambassadors of Israel and Germany, which strongly supported the resolution, stressed the significance of the resolutions adoption on Jan. 20: It is the 80th anniversary of the Wannsee Conference where Nazi leaders coordinated plans for the so-called Final Solution of the Jewish Question at a villa on the shores of Berlins Wannsee Lake in 1942 during World War II.

The result was the establishment of Nazi death camps and the murder of nearly 6 million Jews, comprising one-third of the Jewish people. In addition, millions of people from other nationalities, minorities and targeted groups were killed, according to the resolution.

We now live in an era in which fiction is becoming fact and the Holocaust is becoming a distant memory, Israels U.N. Ambassador Gilad Erdan told the assembly in urging support for the resolution. And as this happens following the greatest crime in human history, now comes the greatest cover-up in human history.

Erdan, the grandson of Holocaust survivors, said the resolution preserves the memory of the 6 million victims and is a commitment to make sure that Holocaust distortion and denial will be tolerated no more.

He said social media platforms including Facebook, Twitter and You Tube are spreading the pandemic of distortions and lies about the Holocaust

Social media giants can no longer remain complacent to the hate spread on their platforms and must take action now, the Israeli ambassador said.

The resolution, cosponsored by 114 nations, commends countries that have preserved Nazi death camps and other sites from the Holocaust and urges the 193 U.N. member states to develop educational programs that will inculcate future generations with the lessons of the Holocaust in order to help to prevent future acts of genocide.

It requests the U.N. and its agencies to continue developing and implementing programs aimed at countering Holocaust denial and distortions and to mobilize civil society and others to provide truthful facts about the Holocaust.

Currently, the U.N. has an outreach program on the Holocaust and the U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO, has a program on Holocaust education and combatting anti-Semitism.

Israels Foreign Minister Yair Lapid and Germanys Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock issued a joint statement welcoming the resolution and expressing extreme concern at the dramatic increase in Holocaust denial, distortion and revisionism. They said the phenomenon of comparing current political disputes to the Holocaust is deeply troubling and a perversion of history and injustice to Holocaust vicitms.

We carry an obligation to remember, to learn and to challenge the growth of Holocaust revisionism, denial and distortion both on and offline, the ministers said.

Unlike Security Council resolutions, General Assembly resolutions are not legally binding, but do reflect global opinion.

The General Assembly designated Jan. 27 the day the Auschwitz concentration camp was liberated by the Soviet army as the annual International Day of Commemoration in memory of victims of the Holocaust in 2005. The resolution underlines that remembrance is a key component to the prevention of further acts of genocide.

It says Holocaust denial refers to discourse and propaganda that deny the historical reality and the extent of the extermination of the Jews by the Nazis and their accomplices during World War II and any attempt to claim that the Holocaust did not take place or call into doubt that gas chambers, mass shooting, starvation, and intentional genocide were used against the Jewish people.

The resolution says distorting or denying the Holocaust also refers to intentional efforts to excuse or minimize the role of Nazi collaborators and allies, gross minimization of the number of victims, attempts to blame the Jews for causing their own genocide, statements casting the Holocaust as a positive event, and attempt to blur the responsibility for establishing concentration and death camps by putting blame on other nations or ethnic groups.

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UN approves resolution condemning denial of Nazi Holocaust ...

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Posted By admin on January 22, 2022

The United Nations on Thursday adopted an Israeli resolution that condemns denial and distortion of the Holocaust, the Nazi genocide that killed nearly six million Jews and millions of others.

Adoption of the resolution by the 193-member General Assembly, co-sponsored by Germany and supported by the United States and Russia among many others, took place against the backdrop of rising antisemitism globally, punctuated by an attack on a Texas synagogue less than a week ago.

Israel and other sponsors called the resolution necessary because of the profusion of misinformation and ignorance about the Holocaust and events surrounding it, especially among the young.

The General Assembly adopted the resolution by consensus meaning it was approved without a country-by-country vote. Only Iran, Israels most ardent adversary, objected.

The resolutions passage amounted to an unusual, albeit symbolic, diplomatic victory for Israel at the United Nations, where the narrative is often perceived by Israelis to be biased in favor of Palestinians aspirations for their own state.

Diplomats said it was only the second time since Israels founding that the General Assembly had adopted an Israeli-backed resolution. The first was in 2005, when a resolution on establishing International Holocaust Remembrance Day was approved. That day, Jan. 27, commemorates the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp by Soviet soldiers in the final days of World War II.

The vote on Thursday had been scheduled to coincide with the 80th anniversary of the Wannsee Conference, the 1942 lakeside gathering where high-ranking Nazi leaders devised what they called the Final Solution of the Jewish Question, a plan to exterminate Jews. A third of the worlds Jewish population, including 1.5 million children, would die under their organized policy of gassing, shooting and slave labor in Auschwitz and at other concentration camps established by Hitlers Nazi regime.

Gilad Erdan, Israels ambassador to the United Nations and a grandson of Holocaust victims, said in formally introducing the resolution that although the atrocities had been highly documented, we now live in an era in which fiction is now becoming fact and the Holocaust is becoming a distant memory.

Mr. Erdan said only about half of the worlds population had even heard of the Holocaust, and that some believe the events were a complete myth.

Amplified by social media, Mr. Erdan said, Holocaust denial has spread like a cancer it has spread under our watch, which had made the General Assembly resolution necessary.

The resolution reaffirms that the Holocaust will forever be a warning to all people of the dangers of hatred, bigotry, racism and prejudice.

It expresses concern about the growing prevalence of Holocaust denial or distortion through the use of information and communications technologies, and urges all U.N. members to reject without any reservation any denial or distortion of the Holocaust as a historical event, either in full or in part, or any activities to this end.

The resolution also commends countries that have actively engaged in preserving those sites that served as Nazi death camps, concentration camps, forced labor camps, killing sites and prisons during the Holocaust, as well as similar places operated by Nazi-allied regimes, their accomplices or auxiliaries.

It also urges all U.N. members to develop educational programs that will inculcate future generations with the lessons of the Holocaust in order to help to prevent future acts of genocide and urges social media companies to take active measures to combat antisemitism and Holocaust denial or distortion.

The United Nations already undertakes a number of educational efforts to combat antisemitism and Holocaust denial, largely through the work of UNESCO the U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Last year, for example, UNESCO and the World Jewish Congress signed an agreement with Facebook directing users searching for Holocaust terms to an information website they created, aboutholocaust.org.

Eliot Minchenberg, director of the UNESCO office in New York, said a similar agreement could soon be signed with TikTok.

He also said the new U.N. resolution would definitely give us more support, and maybe leverage, when it comes to engaging member states in the effort to educate people about the Holocaust, noting that in many countries, its history is not taught in schools.

We shouldnt be surprised if kids dont know, he said.

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U.N. Approves Israeli Measure to Condemn Holocaust Denial - The New York Times

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Posted By admin on January 22, 2022

When thinking about iconic New York City eateries, many may point to Peter Luger Steakhouse, Patsys Italian Restaurant, or Wo Hop in Chinatown. But chances are, the first that comes to mind is Katzs Delicatessen, open for (debatedly) well over a century serving up classic pastrami on ryes and matzoh ball soups. But Katzs is one of perhaps two dozen Jewish delis remaining in New York City and the nearby area, and Jewish delis continue to close each year. We take a look at the history of the Jewish deli in New York City, including some lesser-known spots keeping traditions alive.

The birth of the Jewish deli occurred in the late 1800s after waves of German immigrants settled predominantly on the Lower East Side. Many delis were opened by the second generation of immigrant families, while the first generation opened up more traditional delicacy shops or took to other industries to make a living. The deli possibly began as an offshoot of Jewish-German gourmet food stores, which were sometimes called Delikatessens. The first delis that were reminiscent of what we know today drew from the culinary traditions of non-Jewish Germans, who were already serving items like cold cuts, sausages, pickled herring, and dill pickles. Yiddish-speaking Eastern European immigrants pulled from some of these dishes while adding some of their own, including pastrami, a dish native to Romania.

The catch was, nobody really ate like this back in Eastern Europe. Most Jewish families rarely ate out, and many deli items were considered delicacies. Huge sandwiches stuffed high with fatty cured meats and doused with mustard were likely not the common diet of Jews in countries like Romania or Poland. In fact, delicatessen derives from theLatin wordfor delicate or luxurious. The first Yiddish-run delis were quite like the German ones, except pork and dairy were removed to remain kosher. Because cheap beef was prevalent in New York City, corned beef became a popular dish, made with brisket preserved in brine, and this led to the development of pastrami, smoked and seasoned corned beef. It is likely that the word pastrami was coined in the U.S.

The first Jewish deli, according to Ted Merwin in Pastrami on Rye: An Overstuffed History of the Jewish Deli, opened in 1888. Katzs Delicatessen reportedly opened in 1888, although some food historians have debated this claim. Brothers Morris and Hyman Iceland established a restaurant at the spot around that time, but Willy Katz arrived in 1903, after which the store changed its name to Iceland and Katz. It was not until 1910 that Katzs Delicatessen was formed. And immigration records from Ellis Island even note thatMorris and Hyman came to the U.S. in 1902, with the delicatessen opening shortly thereafter. There are records of a few Jewish delis popping up in the late 1800s, though, and they began popping up across the country in the very early 1900s.

Delis became a part of the Jewish foodscape when they began opening in New Yorks Theater District, attracting many leading Jewish and non-Jewish actors and performers. Jews relied on the deli a as social space to avoid antisemitism prevalent in the 1910s and 1920s where they could also immerse themselves in celebrity culture. The Jewish deli shifted more toward a sit-down restaurant during this time, and they achieved great success during the Great Depression; it is estimated that there were about 1,550 Kosher delis across the five boroughs.

Ratners was one of the earliest delis in New York City to attain national attention, often regarded as a complement to Katzs because it did not serve meat. It was founded in 1905 on the Lower East Side and was known for its cheese blintzes, potato pancakes, gefilte fish, and onion rolls. Reubens was open for almost 100 years, starting in 1908 at 802 Park Avenue before moving a few more times. The restaurant named sandwiches after celebrities including Frank Sinatra, and Reubens even played a small role in the 1919 Black Sox scandal as the meeting place for some of the planning. Lou G. Seigels was also a popular spot, opened in 1917 by a Romanian immigrant.

Barney Greengrass, although today more an appetizing store, opened in 1908 in Harlem, specializing in smoked fish including sturgeon and salmon. It was one of the first stores uptown to serve American Jewish fare, and crowds built up over the years, including when the shop moved to its current Upper West Side location in 1929. Lindys was one of the most famous delis, opening in 1921 at 1626 Broadway, between 49th and 50th Streets. Eisenbergs opened in 1929, while many were founded during the Great Depression including Stage Deli in 1937, B&H Dairy in 1938, and Carnegie Deli in 1937. Some lesser-known ones included A. Forman Delicatessen in Borough Park and Grabsteins Delicatessen & Restaurant in Canarsie.

There were hundreds of others that operated across the five boroughs during their heyday, but most have been lost to time. Only a handful of photos survive of many of these delis, which could be found on almost every block in certain neighborhoods, but many of the delis featured their names and specialty items in bright neon letters.

Jewish delis became increasingly popular as Jews became more secular, and served as meeting places to talk politics, hold community meals, and even meet spouses. World War II took a toll on these delis, some of which lost significant business and faced meat shortages. Though, many delis banded together, supporting one another during tough times (which might be why many delis feature similar features, including furniture, decorations, and architectural layout). Delis continued to fill their counters with whatever dishes they could whip up, and many tried to maintain their Art Deco interiors.

The 1950s and 1960s, though, were two difficult decades for delis in New York City. Many dozens had already closed, although Second Avenue Deli opened in 1954 while 24-hour Sarges Delicatessen & Diner opened in 1964. Following World War II, many Jews moved from predominantly Jewish parts of New York City, including Lower Manhattan and the Upper West and East Sides to other cities, bringing with them the deli. The rise of suburbanization limited interactions between Jews and thus made it more difficult for delis to survive.

Additionally, delis faced increased competition from larger markets and even other kosher restaurants, which could make similar foods at cheaper prices. Because kosher meat was (and still is) expensive to buy and prepare, profit margins at delis were quite small, so when clientele dropped, many could not sustain themselves unless they pulled from other cuisines. Because of the grueling work, many delis struggled to find workers to carry on the lineage, although some delis still open today are now in their fourth generation of owners.

Delis continued to close throughout New York City in the 1970s and 1980s, when people became more health-conscious and less willing to try these cholesterol and fat-heavy sandwiches. This, combined with less frequent cultural transmission of Jewish values and cuisine, made the deli somewhat of a relic of the past. Ultimately, immigration slowed to New York City, and the deli struggled to modernize while holding onto recipes of the past, especially amid a rapidly modernizing city. Bens Best, Carnegie Deli, and Fine & Schapiro have all closed in the last few years. Throughout the city, there are still some remnants of these lost delis, though most spaces have been completely renovated and reconstructed for new restaurants and businesses.

However, over the past two decades or so, modern Jewish delis have started to open and old ones are being glorified in movies and TV shows like The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, The Deuce, and Billions. Perhaps the most notable next generation deli is Mile End Delicatessen in Boerum Hill, which opened in 2010 and is styled after the Montreal-style Jewish deli. Pastrami Queen on the Upper East Side opened in 1998 and takes a more traditional approach, while delicatessen and appetizing spot Frankels began in 2016. While only about two dozen delis and deli-inspired restaurants are still open in New York City today (and just a handful in each of the countrys major cities), the deli is undergoing a revitalization and a modernization that will keep tradition alive.

Next, check out the Top 10 Jewish History Sites on the Lower East Side!

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The History of the Jewish Deli in NYC - Untapped New York

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Posted By admin on January 22, 2022

Catherine Chicken is sickly. She has swollen up like a barrage balloon with an evil face and dinosaur feet. She lumbers about. It is peritonitis, the vet says, after I make my husband drive her to the animal hospital in Falmouth. She will not recover without an implant that prevents her ovulating. Chickens are ever in danger of reproduction, like human women, and that is why I find them so touching. They are feathered paradigms. (There is a novel on this called Brood.) They counsel implants on the chicken welfare site they counsel deification on the chicken welfare site but its 250 for a chicken that cost less than a tenner, and my husband is from a farming family and says he couldnt live with the shame. So, I let her out of the idiotic only-for-Londoners Bauhaus-style run. I want her to die in a garden, not a cage, whatever Defra may say.

Can you drink a chicken that has died of peritonitis? I dont dare bring it up on the chicken welfare site, even spun as I wont let Catherine die in vain, so I made soup and drank her for memorial. My mother thinks we should turn Catherine into soup and tells her so whenever they meet. Its her hello.

Chicken soup is the headline of Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine, probably because Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine is Slav food without pork. This makes chicken soup, in the words of the almost halachically Jewish Boris Johnson, the least disastrous option. Have you ever tried to soul kiss someone to Wham! after a fish ball? In retrospect those teenage synagogue socials were designed to stop us mating. They gave us a chastity belt made of fish balls, pickled herring and gefilte fish.

Chicken soup is stock. You boil an old chicken overnight with onion for depth, tomato for colour, and carrot for sweetness. You add then kneidlach (matzah balls), kreplach (meat dumplings) or lokshen (egg noodles) depending on the technique of the grandmother you loved best. The onion fried in chicken fat must be burnt, or your ball will be tepid and insubstantial. It will fall apart. Chicken soup should be aggressive, and never delicate. Perhaps it is a metaphor for the European diaspora that has gone, and that is why we treat it like a family member we consume.

It tastes wonderful when my mother makes it: hot, deep, fierce. It is or was alive. I have never had even adequate chicken soup from anyone but my mother and grandmother. But I repeat it is stock. I wonder if it is very Jewish to imbue stock with meaning and present it like a commandment written in stone: you shall make stock and boast about it.

There is a series of self-help books named Chicken Soup for the Soul. They are so successful there is even a Chicken Soup for the Soul: Its Christmas! But not for Catherine Chicken. I will bury her under the rhododendron bush.

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The secrets of chicken soup - Spectator.co.uk

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