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Weddings of the Year: Four Bethesda-area couples tie the knot in 2021 – BethesdaMagazine.com

Posted By on January 4, 2022

Photo by Jana ScottA long-awaited dayWith 17 guests at their backyard wedding, a bride and groom kept things small and personal

The Couple: Elizabeth Greenfield-Weiss (maiden name Greenfield), 37, grew up in Bethesda and graduated from Walt Whitman High School in 2002. She has a masters degree in social work and is involved with breast cancer outreach and advocacy. Brett Weiss, 38, moved from Alabama to Potomac in 1999. He is a 2002 graduate of Winston Churchill High School and is head of operations at Fairway Asset Corp., a mortgage lender in Silver Spring. They live in North Bethesda.

How they met: In June 2017, they matched on the Jewish dating app JSwipe. Brett lived in Bethesda and Elizabeth was in graduate school at Columbia University in New York. They texted and talked on the phone, but Elizabeth says she didnt think anything would come of it since they lived in different cities. Because I never really thought that we would meet, I was more open with him. I sort of let it all out there, and he was still interested, she says.

The first date: A few months later, Elizabeth was in Maryland for a friends baby shower, and she and Brett went on a date at Pike & Rose in North Bethesda. It was comfortable from the start, says Elizabeth, who was charmed by Brett telling her that she was pretty and opening doors for her. They had dinner at Del Friscos Grille (now closed) and walked around the shops. Brett says he thought it was a good first date: We had some vibe going on between the two of us and I was hoping for a second date.

Difficult news: The couple dated long distance until Elizabeth moved back to Maryland in the spring of 2018. They were getting serious, with talk of ring sizes and wedding dresses. Then, in June 2018, Elizabeth was diagnosed with stage 3 breast cancer. I didnt want him to feel he had to stay, Elizabeth says, that he had to do anything sooner than he was ready to do because of the situation. Brett says it was a lot to process, but he was hoping for the best. He stayed by her side through surgeries, chemotherapy and radiation, and Elizabeths cancer is now in remission.

The proposal: On the one-year anniversary of their first date, Elizabeth was a little suspicious when Brett started cleaning their house and suggested that she get her nails done. While she was gone, Brett went to the crafts store and bought faux butterflies, birds and grapes. He moved the furniture out of the living room and used the itemsalong with roses, sunflowers, seashells and rocksto create a large heart-shaped arrangement on the floor. When Elizabeth walked in, Brett got down on one knee. They celebrated with dinner and Champagne at Sushiko in Chevy Chase.

The wedding: Originally, they were going to get married in October 2019. Elizabeth was still in the midst of cancer treatments, so they put their plans on hold. They were considering a spring 2020 wedding on Zoom but waited until they could safely hold a ceremony in person. They got married on Oct. 18, 2020, in Elizabeths parents backyard in Bethesda. They had 17 guests.

The ceremony: Brett and Elizabeth were married by Mikhail Manevich, the cantor from Washington Hebrew Congregation who had performed at Elizabeths bat mitzvah in 1997. Close family and friends participated in the Jewish wedding tradition of the seven blessings, in which seven people offer a blessing for the couple.

The setting: Elizabeths parents had spruced up their backyard by stringing lights on trees, adding plants and installing a flower-covered chuppah. It rained the night before, so Elizabeths heels sank a bit into the soft soil during the wedding. But it was warm enough that they didnt need heaters for the tent that was put up for the reception.

The dress: Elizabeth bought a new dress two weeks before the wedding because shed recently had another surgery related to her reconstruction and wanted something that fit better. It was formfitting with a slight train, a halter neck, and a keyhole opening in the front that she had a seamstress fill in with lace to cover her scars.

DIY pros and cons: The most important part was trying to make it as personal and homey as possible, Brett says of the decorations (flower garland, candles, face masks printed with the bride and grooms names) that they either ordered online or made themselves. We were pleasantly surprised that we got it all accomplished. But there were downsides to the scaled-down affair. Elizabeth says she missed not having the help of a matron of honor. They had a music playlist, but without a coordinator it didnt get played as planned. And at the end of the night, the couple pitched in with cleanupnot a typical way to end your wedding festivities.

The unexpected: Elizabeths brother posted real-time congratulations online to his sister and new brother-in-law, not realizing the couple hadnt told anyone else that they were getting married and hadnt planned to until after their mini-honeymoon at the Inn at Perry Cabin in St. Michaels on the Eastern Shore. I had like 75 messages on my phone, and my parents started getting calls from their friends, says Elizabeth, who posted the news herself the next day and quickly set up a registry in response to all the inquiries. I thought we were going to end up with a menorah for every night of Hanukkah if we [didnt] set up a registry. Thats when we did a mad dash and put things online.

Vendors: Dress, Amsale from BHLDN; flowers, Bell Flowers; photography, Vince Ha; seamstress, Designs by Nicole; tent, Talk of the Town.

The couple: Lauryn Butler (maiden name Cofer), 27, and Nathan Butler, 28, are both from Silver Spring. She graduated from John F. Kennedy High School in Silver Spring; he graduated from Paint Branch High School in Burtonsville. Lauryn is a research assistant with the Henry M. Jackson Foundation at theWalter Reed Army Institute of Research in Forest Glen; she focuses on HIV research.Nathan does geospatial intelligence work as an image technician with Maxar Technologies in Herndon, Virginia. They live in Columbia, Maryland.

How they met: Lauryn and Nathan grew up together. Their families were longtime friends, and both attended Living Word International Christian Church (formerly Immanuels Church) in Silver Spring. After college, Lauryn and Nathan returned to the area and discovered that they shared similar ideas for starting a young adult ministry at their church. They formed a leadership team with mutual friends and began getting to know each other better while working on the program.

The first date: Nathan asked Lauryn to dinner at Panera in 2016 under the guise of talking about church-related business. They spent two hours chatting about their lives and interests, and their friendship deepened over the next couple of years. In 2018, Nathan brought Lauryn to Brookside Gardens in Wheaton to tell her how he felt, and their relationship became official. They say their first actual date as a couple was in downtown Silver Spring. They ate at Nandos, then went to Guitar Center (now closed) to browse the merchandise. Lauryn plays guitar and keyboard, and sings; Nathan plays bass guitar.

The proposal: In December 2020, Nathan decorated a gazebo at Brookside Gardens with lights, candles and rose petals. Hed arranged for Lauryns best friend to bring her there, blindfolding her to ensure the surprise. He timed the proposal for sunset. Lauryn says she got a bit emotional. I shed a few tears, and Im not known for being much of a crier, she says.

The wedding: The ceremony was at Life Source International Church in Baltimore on Oct. 17, 2021, with 200 guests.

The music: As worship leaders at their church, Lauryn and Nathan are part of a band, so they wanted live music at the wedding. A string trio played Canon in D as Lauryn walked down the aisle. A husband-and-wife duo sang at the ceremony and led guests in singing worship songs.

Favorite moment: Given their religious backgrounds, taking Communion together was meaningful. Were both rooted in the Lord, Lauryn says. So starting our marriage off that way was really special.

The unexpected: Lauryns dress had a long train, and she struggled with its weight while walking to the altar. I had my bouquet in one hand and was holding Nathans with my otherno hands to free my dressso I stumbled up the steps a bit, Lauryn says. She did make it to the altar. You look back at it on video and it doesnt look that bad, Nathan says. Lauryn says: It was pretty bad. When I finally made it up the steps there was like a sigh of relief. It was kind of funny.

The reception: Dinner and dancing were at Martins Valley Mansion in Hunt Valley, Maryland. The venue featured an elegant Victorian style, with columns, high ceilings, and a large chandelier over the dance floor. Keeping to the burgundy, gold and blush colors of the venue, the couple added burgundy flower centerpieces in gold vases, candles and some pink lighting around the room.

Time out: The couple reserved a private room to enjoy their own cocktail hour and hors doeuvres with their wedding party during the time between photos and dinner. We didnt miss out on the food, which Im really happy about, Lauryn says. They say brides dont eat, but I ate.

Fun moments: They asked a good friend who is a pastor to give a blessing before dinner, and he first got the guests to do the wave all around the room. It was a fun way to start things off, Lauryn says. In a nod to Nathans Liberian heritage, the guests did a traditional group dance known as the grand march. People follow one another dancing in pairs and then hold up their hands to create a tunnel that others pass through continuously, typically to a West African Afrobeat song. Its very festive sounding, Nathan says. Everyone joined in and they looked like they were having a great time.

The speeches: Several tributes were given in honor of Nathans father, who died of heart failure in March 2021. That made it feel like he was there. I was really appreciative, Nathan says.

The honeymoon: Right after the wedding, the newlyweds spent a week on Floridas Marco Island. They went sightseeing on bikes and hung out on the private beach at their hotel.

Vendors: Catering, Martins Caterers; decor, Mocha Events (Kimberly Cofer and RisaMason); dessert, Creative Cakes; DJ, The Covenant Child (Maurice Opera); flowers, LaBrands Florist; hair, Styles & Designs by Tie (Tie Carrington); invitations, Zazzle; makeup, IDO Kreationz (Michline Brice); limousine, Lasting Impressions; orchestra trio, Melodic Strings; photographer, G-day Photos (Jide Durosomo); videographer, K and A Photo and Video; wedding planner, Adelines Events (Addy Simms).

The couple: Candice Lockwood (maiden name Yi), 32, grew up in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. She is an attorney adviser with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. John Lockwood, 33, grew up in Annapolis. He is an attorney adviser with the Federal Communications Commission. They recently bought a house in Bethesda.

How they met: In 2018, Candice and John were working as judicial law clerks for trial judges in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County in Rockville. Both had graduated from The George Washington University Law School, but never met as students. John was the smartest of our clerkship group. He was my go-to guy for asking questions, Candice says. I also noticed how he treated others in the courthouse. He was so respectful. That really started to open my eyes to him being more than just a friend. John was struck by how pretty, kind and genuine Candice wasplus, she could hold her own in the law clerk softball league. Candice was the leadoff hitter and was quite the star, he says.

The first date: After a day of work at the courthouse, John made a spur-of-the-moment decision to ask Candice out for dinner that night. They went to Barcelona Wine Bar in D.C.s Cathedral Heights neighborhood. Candice knew that John was an avid traveler and had spent a summer in Spain, so she thought the Spanish restaurant was a good chance to learn more about him and get his recommendations on tapas and drinks. They enjoyed tempranillo, a Spanish red wine thats now one of their favorites because it reminds them of their first date.

The proposal: During the first year of the pandemic, Candice and John had new jobs and were dating long distance, each living with their parents in their hometowns and saving money on rent. They went on a getaway in October 2020 to upstate New York. Johns plan was to go to Indian Lake in the Adirondacks and canoe with Candice to a campsite, then hike to a beautiful vista to propose. Mother Nature had a different idea. There were thunderstorms in the area, so we couldnt really be out on a lake in a canoe, John says. They went to Ithaca instead. John found a little-known trail to hike near Cornell University, and when they reached the top of a cliff overlooking a bend in the river with the fall colors in the background, he knew it was the perfect spot. He got down on one knee. I was really taken aback. I didnt see it coming, Candice says.

The wedding: On Oct. 16, 2021, the couple got married at the Willard InterContinental hotel in Washington, D.C., with 100 guests.

The vows: The pair wrote their own vows. John really embodies the values of kindness and unconditional love. I tried to express that the best I could, says Candice, who also added some humor about Johns favorite baseball team. I vowed that I would grieve with him when the Detroit Tigers lose season after season. John says he tried to make his vows heartfelt. Because we each took the time to carefully craft them for each otherthat made it so special, he says.

The food: Candice and John say they are big foodies, so they enjoyed planning dinner with the Willards in-house chef. Appetizers included mini beef Wellington, bacon-wrapped scallops, tuna tartare on a wasabi-infused cracker shaped like a spoon, and lamb lollipops. Dinner started with watermelon, feta and apple salad, and cauliflower soup; the main course featured oven-roasted chicken or salmon topped with crabmeat.

The desserts: The Willards pastry chef made a five-tiered cake with alternating layers: lemon chiffon cake with raspberry cream filling and Swiss meringue buttercream frosting; and chocolate cake with dark chocolate ganache and chocolate buttercream frosting. Candice and John also served sticky rice cakes, a Korean wedding tradition. It helps the couple remember to stick through lifes challenges together, says Candice, who is Korean American.

A highlight: Candice and John basked in the moment while sitting at a sweetheart table in the middle of the room. Everyone was just happy, laughing, enjoying the evening, John says. Theres so much going on in the world. We wanted an evening away from it, where they could enjoy themselves and each others company. Candice says she savored the feeling of having all their friends and family in one room without a care in the world. After the year of isolation, it was so great to be together. That feeling is something I really treasure, she says.

The dance: Candice and John choreographed a first dance to Conversations in the Dark by John Legend and had been practicing in their basement, but not with Candice wearing her bridal gown. They were concerned about pulling off the moves. Right before we came in for our grand entrance to the reception, we did just a quick little practice in one of the side rooms and I kept stepping on her dress. I was very nervous, John says. But when it came showtime, everything went smooth and well.

The honeymoon: In late October, the newlyweds spent two weeks in Hawaii. They hiked the Klepa Ridge TrailinKkee State Park on Kauai, snorkeled with sea turtles on a catamaran tour, and took surfing lessons at Kalama Beach in Maui.

Vendors: Alterations, Mys Bridalterations; bridesmaids dresses, Revelry; bridal gown, Demetrios; dance floor lighting, SMERFEvents; DJ, Premonition of Mixing Maryland; flowers, Petalos;hair and makeup, Shine, Tina!; invitations, Minted; music, Amaris Trio; photo booth, The Prop Stop Photo Booth; photographer, Kyla Jeanette Photography; rentals, Honeywood Event + Tent; tuxes, Lapel; videographer, Riverlight Films.

The couple: Caroline Umosella-Marinos (maiden name Umosella), 32, grew up in Olney and graduated from Connelly School of the Holy Child in Potomac. She works in digital advertising for Single Grain. Cory Marinos, 30, is from Florida and works as a physical therapy assistant at Manual & Sports in Rockville. They live in Gaithersburg.

How they met: In 2015, the two were introduced by a mutual friend at the Wine in the Woods festival in Columbia, Maryland. Caroline was working at the festival as the director of marketing for a winery, and Cory was volunteering as a wine pourer with a friend. I thought he was hilarious, super nicevery go with the flow, Caroline says. A month later, the two spent time together with friends in Ocean City and the sparks flew. It was pretty immediate. We never left each other after that, Caroline says. It wasnt until later on that the couple realized through a memories app on Carolines phone that their paths had first crossed on Halloween in 2013 at Union Jacks (now closed) in Bethesda, where they had randomly taken a selfie together.

The first date: They met for brunch at MoCos Founding Farmers in Potomac. I had been talking about how much I loved chicken and waffles and I wanted to take her there, Cory says. The next day they went to rio in Gaithersburg for brunch, then walked around and talked, and later had dinner. It was one of those dates that turned into a whole weekend event, Caroline says.

The proposal: After four years of dating, Caroline was convinced Cory was going to propose while they were on a trip to Seattle. By convinced, she means expected, Cory says. She sent me an article with the top 10 destinations in Seattle to get engaged. Caroline did her hair and makeup every day, wore cute outfits, and waited while moments like sunset at the Space Needle came and went. Cory instead surprised her the next weekend at one of her favorite placesAssateague Island. I wanted to come out of left field and really get her heart going, Cory says. After a day at the beach, he got down on one knee on a boarded pathway. Im not dressed up, my nails are broken and then he just randomly proposes with a Ring Pop, Caroline says. Throughout their relationship, when Cory would say he was saving for a ring, Caroline always said she didnt need a ringshe just wanted to marry him and would say yes to a Ring Pop. He had a real ring at the beach condo.

The wedding: Caroline and Cory planned to get married on June 12, 2020. Because of COVID-19, they rescheduled to Oct. 23, and then finally tied the knot on May 21, 2021. They cut their guest list from 170 to 85 to comply with safety restrictions and livestreamed the ceremony for those who couldnt attend.

The venue: The festivities were held at Morais Vineyards and Winery in Bealeton, Virginia. They were married outdoors under a pergola and celebrated afterward in a ballroom that was decorated in dusty blue and rose gold.

The ceremony: My favorite part was the vows. Cory is a man of few words and was really nervous about writing his vows, but he did the best job, Caroline says. Cory acknowledges that writing his vows was stressful: Shes an incredible writer and wordsmith, and I knew I couldnt compete with that. But in the end, their sentiments overlapped. She said shed always be my cheerleader and I bust out laughing because I had the exact same line in my vows, Cory says. It was so coincidental and fitting for us.

A sense of humor: We are a very silly couple, always try to laugh, play pranks on each other, joke around, so we tried to infuse that into our wedding, Caroline says. They knew that Gary Rutter, Carolines godfather, was the right choice to be their officiant when he showed up at the rehearsal dinner wearing an over-the-top pope outfit and a hat like Moira Rosesfrom the Schitts Creek sitcom.He added just the right amount of humor to the ceremony, including a joke about Cory and Caroline getting married on their third wedding date. In a nod to the couples shared love of The Office, Caroline walked down the aisle to an orchestral version of the theme song from the popular television show.

The cake: The Passion Bakery Cafe in Sandy Spring designed their cake, which included a custom toppera scuba diver and a mermaidthat picked up on the couples wedding logo. The cake also featured an edible golden retriever that looked like their dog, Waffles.

The first dance: Cory and Caroline took dance lessons at Arthur Murray Dance Center in Gaithersburg and did a choreographed first dance to Cheerleader by Omi. Midway through one of many twirls, the unseasonably hot day and heavy ball gown caught up with Caroline, who recalls thinking: This is not good. Feeling queasy, she ran from the dance floor and Cory followed. She got sick, but quickly recovered to enjoy the rest of the evening. Luckily, the bridal party started dancing on the dance floor like nothing even happened. It turned out to be totally inconspicuous, Cory says.

Good timing: The couple felt lucky to have their wedding in the golden time when most people were eligible for vaccinations, and before the delta variant, Cory says. It was definitely worth the wait. It hit all our expectations, Caroline says. One thing that COVID has taught us is that togetherness and being with friends and family is a gift. It really made everything sweeter and made us a lot more appreciative.

The honeymoon: The newlyweds spent 10 days at the Cocobay Resort on the island of Antigua, where they had a private villa and their own pool. They went snorkeling and discovered the fun of handheld sea scooters to propel them underwater.

Vendors: Cake, The Passion Bakery Cafe; catering, The Chefs Table; decor and florist, Electric Events DC; dress, Curvaceous Couture; event planners, Christine Ash, Danielle Fisher and Linor Shemesh of Save the Date LLC Events; hair, Nancy Kongsomboom; makeup, Sweet Virginias Beauty + Salon; music, Round Midnight (Entertainment Exchange); photographer, Jana Scott; transportation, Coughlin Transportation; tuxedos, The Black Tux; videographer, Washington Talent Agency.

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Weddings of the Year: Four Bethesda-area couples tie the knot in 2021 - BethesdaMagazine.com

Joseph Schumpeter and the Economics of Imperialism – Jacobin magazine

Posted By on January 4, 2022

Joseph Alois Schumpeter was one of the most prominent political economists during the first half of the twentieth century. He published prolifically in both German and English on questions of economic theory, economic sociology, economic and social policy, and the history of ideas. A phrase Schumpeter coined to describe the essence of capitalism as he understood it, creative destruction, has become one of the most familiar terms in the economic lexicon.

In politics, Schumpeter was a liberal conservative or perhaps a conservative liberal but he was also deeply influenced by his Marxian contemporaries. As a student at the University of Vienna, Schumpeter was a member of Eugen von Bhm-Bawerks legendary graduate seminar, along with three leading Austro-Marxists Rudolf Hilferding, Otto Bauer, and Emil Lederer and the free-market liberal Ludwig von Mises.

This experience no doubt encouraged Schumpeter to explore many of the same questions that his Marxist contemporaries had posed, although the answers that he formulated differed sharply from theirs. He disagreed with the Marxist view of capitalisms inner contradictions while believing that the ultimate victory of socialism was inevitable anyway. For Schumpeter, the drive toward imperialism and war that was so evident in his own time stemmed from precapitalist social forces that were still at work in European society rather than the logic of capitalism itself.

Schumpeter was born into a prosperous middle-class family in the Moravian town of Triesch on February 8, 1883, a month before the death of Karl Marx. He died in Cambridge, Massachusetts on January 7, 1950. Schumpeters father, a merchant, had died in 1887, and his mother soon remarried. His new stepfather was a general in the Austro-Hungarian army, so the young Joseph grew up in a distinctly upper-class environment.

He was educated in Vienna at the prestigious Theresianum Academy of Knights of Vienna. Schumpeter went on to spend five years at the University of Vienna between 1901 and 1906, where he studied law, mathematics, and philosophy in addition to economics. His first publication came in 1906, when he was only twenty-three years of age.

From 1909 to 1911, Schumpeter was professor of economics at the University of Czernowitz, moving first to the University of Graz (19111921) and then to the University of Bonn (19251932). In addition to these academic posts, he worked as a lawyer and a financial speculator not to mention a brief stint as minister of finance in the new post-Habsburg Austrian republic between March and October 1919 and spent some time in Britain and the United States.

Schumpeter spent the last eighteen years of his life at Harvard University, where he was president of the Econometric Society (in 1942) and the American Economic Association (in 1948). Were it not for his unexpected death, Schumpeter would also have served as the founding president of the International Economic Association in 1950.

Although there is a substantial literature on Schumpeters life and work, no comprehensive edition of his works has yet been published, whether in English or in German. Richard Sturn suggests that this may reflect the absence of a specific Schumpeter school of economics. Probably best known today as a historian of economic thought, Schumpeter was the author of two hundred journal articles and several influential books, two of which ran to more than a thousand pages: the two-volume Business Cycles and the posthumously published History of Economic Analysis.

However, those interested in Schumpeters thinking, especially from the left, will probably turn first to his most celebrated work, 1942s Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, which is a mere 425 pages in length. The book consists of five parts, respectively titled The Marxian doctrine, Can capitalism survive? Can socialism work? Socialism and democracy, and A historical sketch of socialist parties.

It would be impossible in the space of a short article to give a satisfactory account of this complex, scholarly, and highly opinionated work. I will concentrate instead on Schumpeters analysis of the economics of imperialism, which provides an entry point into his broader approach to the capitalist mode of production, its history, and its prospects.

Twenty-three years before the appearance of Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, Schumpeter published a lengthy article on The Sociology of Imperialism in a German-language academic journal, which did not appear in English until just after his death. In the version that I have consulted, there are ninety-six pages of text, amounting to perhaps 35,000 words.

Schumpeter began with a brief introductory section outlining the nature of the problem, in which he argued that aggressive attitudes on the part of states need not be a simple reflection of the populations concrete economic interests. Indeed, in the case of imperialism, we might say that nations and classes seek expansion for the sake of expanding, war for the sake of fighting, victory for the sake of winning, dominion for the sake of ruling. In this spirit, he defined imperialism as the objectless disposition on the part of a state to unlimited forcible expansion.

The author did acknowledge that neo-Marxist theory had attempted to provide an economic explanation for imperialism, reducing it to the economic class interests of the age in question (emphasis in original, and hereafter). Although he conceded that the Marxist view was by far the most serious contribution that had been made to the analysis of imperialism and agreed that there was much truth in it, Schumpeter proceeded to criticize it at some length.

He began by describing the strongly anti-imperialist sentiments that had prevailed in mid-nineteenth-century Britain in a section with the strange title Imperialism as a catchphrase. After a lengthy account of the way imperialism had operated in ancient times, the medieval period, and the age of absolute monarchy, Schumpeter devoted the final third of the essay to discussing the relationship between imperialism and capitalism.

At the start of this concluding section, Schumpeter returned to the prevalence of non-rational and irrational, purely instinctual inclinations towards war and conquest. He believed that many and perhaps most wars throughout history had been waged without any adequate reason. According to Schumpeter, this in turn was strong evidence that psychological dispositions and social structures acquired in the dim past . . . tend to maintain themselves and to continue in effect long after they have lost their meaning and their life-preserving function.

On the strength of this analysis, Schumpeter rejected the argument of Vladimir Lenin and other Marxist thinkers that there was a necessary link between imperialism and capitalism. Imperialism was in fact atavistic in character and stemmed from the living conditions, not of the present but of the past put in terms of the economic interpretation of history, from past rather than present relations of production. In political terms, we should see imperialism as the product not of capitalist democracy but rather of the earlier stage of absolute autocracy.

Schumpeter insisted that under capitalism, there was much less excess energy to be vented in war and conquest than in any pre-capitalist society. In a capitalist society, the pursuit of profit absorbed the energies of the population, with wars of conquest rightly seen as troublesome distractions, destructive of lifes meaning, a diversion from the accustomed and therefore true task.

The economist cited what he considered to be strong evidence of the powerful anti-imperialist tendencies at work in capitalist society. Those tendencies included deep opposition to militarism, military expenditure, and war, which were most powerful among industrial workers but also manifested in large sections of the capitalist class.

It was no accident, he suggested, that of all the capitalist nations, the United States was the one least inclined toward imperialist adventures and also the least burdened with pre-capitalist elements, survivals, reminiscences, and powerful factors. We should look upon the imperialist tendencies that could indeed be found within capitalism as alien elements, carried into the world of capitalism from the outside, supported by non-capitalist factors in modern life.

Schumpeter then directly addressed the neo-Marxist claim that imperialism was the product of a new, dangerous stage of monopoly capitalism. He acknowledged that some sections of the capitalist class do indeed benefit from imperialism most obviously entrepreneurs in the war industries. However, Schumpeter argued, where free trade prevails no class has an interest in forcible expansion as such.

In a lengthy discussion of the economic effects of tariffs and the broader political implications of protectionism, Schumpeter cited Otto Bauer and Rudolf Hilferding favorably, crediting them with having been the first to recognize and describe the importance of what was happening in this field. He also praised Hilferding for having taken his distance from a pessimistic view about the prospects of capitalism that he found in the work of Marx:

It is not true that the capitalist system as such must collapse from imminent necessity, that it necessarily makes its continued existence impossible by its own growth and development. Marxs line of reasoning on this point shows serious defects, and when these are corrected the proof vanishes. It is to the great credit of Hilferding that he abandoned this thesis of Marxist theory.

A footnote to this passage anticipated one of the most striking arguments that Schumpeter later made in Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy:

Capitalism is its own undoing but in a sense different from that implied by Marx. Society is bound to grow beyond capitalism, but this will be because the achievements of capitalism are likely to make it superfluous, not because its internal contradictions are likely to make its continuance impossible.

Schumpeter was much closer to the neo-Marxist position on the role of financial capital in the growth of monopoly. He drew an interesting distinction between (financial) capitalists and (industrial) entrepreneurs: Although the relation between capitalists and entrepreneurs is one of the typical and fundamental conflicts of the capitalist economy, monopoly capitalism has virtually fused the big banks and cartels into one. This process had created a social group that carries great political weight, and which possessed

a strong, undeniable, economic interest in such things as productive tariffs, cartels, monopoly prices, forced exports (dumping), an aggressive economic policy, an aggressive foreign policy generally, and war, including wars of expansion with a typically imperialist character.

He also identified further motives for this group to support imperialism, including an interest in the conquest of lands producing raw materials and foodstuffs, with a view to facilitating self-sufficient warfare, and the profits to be derived from rising wartime consumption. While unorganized capitalists would at best reap a trifling profit from these activities, organized capital is sure to profit hugely.

And yet, Schumpeter warned, the final word in any presentation of this aspect of modern economic life must be one of warning against over-estimating it. The only capitalists with a real material interest in what he termed export monopolism were the entrepreneurs and their ally, high finance. Small producers and workers had nothing to gain.

His conclusion was that export monopolism, contrary to the arguments of Marxist thinkers, did not arise from the inherent laws of capitalist development. Capitalism remained intensely competitive, and it was a basic fallacy to describe imperialism as a necessary phase of capitalism, or even to speak of the development of capitalism into imperialism.

So what did explain the rise of imperialism? Once again, Schumpeter emphasized the survival of precapitalist interests, methods, and ways of thinking: Established habits of thought and action tend to persist, and hence the spirit of guild and monopoly at first maintained itself, even where capitalism was in sole possession of the field. In its everyday life, its ideology, and its politics, Europe remained greatly under the influence of the feudal substance . . . while the bourgeoisie can assert its interests everywhere, it rules only in exceptional circumstances, and then only briefly.

Schumpeter summarized what he considered to be the historical and sociological sources of modern imperialism, which he saw as

a heritage of the autocratic state, of its structural elements, organizational forms, interest alignments, and human attitudes, the outcome of pre-capitalist forces which the autocratic state has reorganized. It would never have been evolved by the inner logic of capitalism itself.

According to Schumpeter, the pro-military interests within the capitalist class joined up with these precapitalist forces in an alliance which kept alive war instincts and ideas of overlordship, male supremacy, and triumphant glory ideas that would otherwise long since [have] died. He finished off the article by affirming the ancient truth that the dead always rule the living.

Discussion of imperialism was rather limited in Schumpeters subsequent work. There were three references to the subject in his Business Cycles. They included a lengthy footnote on Rudolf Hilferding in which he stated that the rule of the financier over industry, still more over national politics, is a newspaper fairy tale almost ludicrously at variance with facts. The index of History of Economic Analysis did not contain the word imperialism, but Schumpeter used the term in his one substantial reference to the neo-Marxists, which largely consisted of an apology for the authors inability to deal with their ideas in any great detail.

However, Schumpeter did devote six and a half pages to the question in Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, where he summarized the Marxian theory of imperialism and commended its strong points before proceeding to offer some sharp criticism. While this analysis came in the chapter titled Marx the teacher, it also acknowledged the later contribution of neo-Marxist theorists such as Bauer, Hilferding, Max Adler, Rosa Luxemburg, and Fritz Sternberg. All of these writers drew on Marxs account of the falling rate of profit as articulated in volume III of Capital.

According to Marxs presentation, a rising organic composition of capital combined with a declining rate of exploitation in the advanced capitalist countries put constant downward pressure on the profit rate and created a powerful incentive for the export of capital to less developed parts of the world. If this framework was valid, Schumpeter observed, imperialism would have a strong economic basis, with colonization used to safeguard overseas investment and internecine war between rival bourgeoisies, an inevitable consequence. As he noted, the Marxists regarded this as a stage, hopefully the final stage, of capitalism.

This Marxian synthesis, Schumpeter conceded, did seem to follow beautifully from two fundamental premises . . . the theory of classes and the theory of accumulation, and also appeared to display a close alliance with historical and contemporaneous fact. Yet on closer inspection, he insisted, this was not the case. In fact, the heroic time of colonialism had been precisely the time of early and innovative capitalism when accumulation was in its beginnings. Such expansion benefitted the proletariat more than the capitalists, and it was never under the control of the latter:

As a matter of fact, very little influence on foreign policy has been exerted by big business. Capitalist attitudes towards foreign policy are predominantly adaptive rather than causative, today more than ever. Also, they hinge to an astonishing degree on short-run considerations equally remote from any deeply laid plans and from any definite objective class interests.

For Schumpeter, the Marxist theory of imperialism was ultimately a superstition, comparable to the conspiracy theories about Jewish influence propagated by antisemites. Continuing his practice in Business Cycles, Schumpeter pulled no rhetorical punches, referring to the neo-Marxian theory as a horrible platitude that consisted of nursery tales.

What do Schumpeters rather sparse writings on imperialism tell us about his attitude toward Marxian political economy as a whole? First, while Schumpeter viewed the capitalist system as being quite unstable, he did not think it was destined to collapse, still less to stagnate. In his perspective, capitalism was subject to cyclical fluctuations, but the upswings were every bit as strong as the downturns, with depressed conditions never lasting for very long.

In spite of this, Schumpeter still believed the triumph of socialism to be inevitable in the long run, although this was not a political prospect that he welcomed. However, this would be due to the victory of anti-capitalist ideology rather than the objective economic contradictions of the capitalist system.

Second, he argued that successive waves of intense innovation would ensure that competitive forces remained strong enough to prevent the emergence of a late stage of monopoly capitalism, as the Marxists claimed would happen. Moreover, the ability of many entrepreneurs to finance their innovations out of retained earnings would keep the power of the banks in check.

These two propositions led to a third: for Schumpeter, there was no irresistible pressure for imperialist expansion on narrowly economic grounds. Capitalist countries might or might not benefit from a particular instance of imperialism. But imperialism as such was not, contrary to the Marxist view, a necessary condition for the survival of the capitalist system.

In fact, according to Schumpeter, the mutual gains to be made from trade and international investment were so large that capitalism was in fact an innately peaceful system, as nineteenth-century liberals such as Richard Cobden had maintained. It was a fundamental mistake to identify twentieth-century capitalism with aggressive militarism and the annexation of overseas territories.

For Schumpeter, imperialism was thus an atavism: a survival of the precapitalist, feudal mode of production that was not motivated by any rational demand for the preservation of the capitalist one, which could survive and indeed fare much better without it. Even in predominantly capitalist states, it was noncapitalist, aristocratic social forces that largely determined foreign policy, with the same irrational elements that had prevailed in precapitalist societies serving as an ideological justification.

Finally, Schumpeter considered the entire Marxian approach to the capitalist mode of production to be deeply flawed on several levels. For him, the most crucial Marxist error was the assertion that the forces of production dominated everything else in society, including class relations, institutions of government, and political ideologies. Schumpeter insisted that society was much more complicated than that, even in its capitalist phase.

His encounter with the Austro-Marxists certainly had a heavy influence on Schumpeter, prompting him to ask many of the same questions. However, he came up with some very different answers, and would surely have been equally skeptical toward the economic, political, and social theories that are prevalent among Marxists today. A serious engagement with Schumpeters work can thus be an important and stimulating challenge for those who still identify with the Marxist critique of capitalism.

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Joseph Schumpeter and the Economics of Imperialism - Jacobin magazine

OUTLOOK: How to enjoy Black-Eyed Peas in the New Year – The Vicksburg Post – Vicksburg Post

Posted By on January 2, 2022

Its out with the old and in with the new new year, that is.

And with just hours before the clock strikes midnight and the world ushers in 2022, locals have been scrambling to grocery stores around town making sure they have the traditional Southern fare that is thought to bring good luck for the coming year. For locals, that includes black-eyed peas, cabbage and hog jowls.

They use the hog jowls to put in their cabbage, Sullivans Grocery manager Larry Ferguson said.

Ferguson, along with Morgans Supermarket owner Cynthia Morgan, said he knows there will be a run on these three food items. In an effort to have enough supply for the demand, both businesses order extras this time of year.

We have to order a lot more, Morgan said, of black-eyed peas, cabbage and hog jowls. And we still run out every year.

This year, Morgan said, she ordered an extra bin of cabbage a bin like the pumpkins come on, and an extra pallet of dried black-eyed peas.

I ordered two more bins of cabbage than I did last year, Ferguson said. And 10 more cases of black-eyed peas.

While the tradition of eating black-eyed peas for luck is thought to have begun in the South black-eyed peas are what saved families from starving after Union Troops had left them behind, thinking they were animal fodder the tradition of eating the legume on New Years Day actually dates back much further.

According to organicauthority.com, the black-eyed peas are mentioned in the Talmud, an ancient Babylonian text, circa 500 CE.

The website states, Black-eyed peas were eaten on Rosh Hashana, the Jewish New Year.

Hopefully, those who want to follow tradition and cook some black-eyed peas for the New Year, hopefully they have secured their stash from either store shelves or in the frozen food section.

For those interested in recipes that incorporate black-eyed peas in a dish, here are a couple to choose from out of local cookbooks.

Black-Eyed Pea Cornbread (Ambrosia Cookbook)

1 (15.5-ounce) can black-eyed peas seasoned with bacon and jalapeno pepper, do not drain

1 cup cornmeal

cup flour

1 teaspoon soda

2 eggs, slightly beaten

1 cup buttermilk

cup oil

pound cheddar cheese, grated

1 onion, chopped

cup cream-style corn

1 pound ground beef, browned and drained

Picante sauce

Mix all ingredients except Picante sauce. Pour into a greased 9x13x2 inch pan. Bake at 350 degrees for 45 minutes. Let cool about 15 minutes before cutting. Cut into squares to serve. Top each square with Picante sauce if desired.

Texas Caviar (The Trinity Cookbook)

1 can (16 ounces) black-eyed peas, drained

1/3 medium red bell pepper, diced

cup minced red onion

cup finely chopped tomatoes

2 teaspoons tomato juice

2 teaspoons finely chopped jalapeno pepper (2 medium peppers)

1 teaspoon chopped fresh basil

1 clove of garlic, minced

2 tablespoons olive oil 1 tablespoon lemon juice

1.2 teaspoon ground cumin

1.2 teaspoon chili powder

teaspoon salt

1 teaspoon ground black pepper

Tortilla chips

In a large bowl, combine all ingredients and mix well. Cover and refrigerate at least 30 minutes. Serve with tortilla chips.

8-10 servings

May substitute cup picante sauce for the tomatoes and juice.

Terri Frazier was born in Cleveland. Shortly afterward, the family moved to Vicksburg. She is a part-time reporter at The Vicksburg Post and is the editor of the Vicksburg Living Magazine, which has been awarded First Place by the Mississippi Press Association. She has also been the recipient of a First Place award in the MPAs Better Newspaper Contests editorial division for the Best Feature Story.

Terri graduated from Warren Central High School and Mississippi State University where she received a bachelors degree in communications with an emphasis in public relations.

Prior to coming to work at The Post a little more than 10 years ago, she did some freelancing at the Jackson Free Press. But for most of her life, she enjoyed being a full-time stay at home mom.

Terri is a member of the Crawford Street United Methodist Church. She is a lifetime member of the Vicksburg Junior Auxiliary and is a past member of the Sampler Antique Club and Town and Country Garden Club. She is married to Dr. Walter Frazier.

From staying informed with local governmental issues to hearing the stories of its people, a hometown newspaper is vital to a community. I have felt privileged to be part of a dedicated team at The Post throughout my tenure and hope that with theirs and with local support, I will be able to continue to grow and hone in on my skills as I help share the stories in Vicksburg. When asked what I like most about my job, my answer is always the people.

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OUTLOOK: How to enjoy Black-Eyed Peas in the New Year - The Vicksburg Post - Vicksburg Post

DEVOTIONAL GUIDE: Is the Bible reliable? Ask the eyewitnesses – Park Rapids Enterprise

Posted By on January 2, 2022

If a person was to make up those stories, you would stage it to be authenticated by reliable witnesses. But in the Bible, both of these events were first witnessed by people who did not have credibility in their culture.

His birth was first witnessed by the shepherds, who were not respected in that day, and His resurrection by a woman, Mary, whose testimony was not valid in court.

J. Warner Wallace, in his book Cold Case Christianity, points out that this makes it more believable. The way the gospels are written, with all the weaknesses and failures of Christs followers, gives it an authenticity that you dont find in fiction.

They hurried to the village and found Mary and Joseph. And there was the baby, lying in the manger. After seeing him, the shepherds told everyone what had happened and what the angel had said to them about this child. All who heard the shepherds story were astonished (Luke 2:16-18).

She turned to leave and saw someone standing there. It was Jesus, but she didnt recognize him. Dear woman, why are you crying? Jesus asked her. Who are you looking for? She thought he was the gardener. Sir, she said, if you have taken him away, tell me where you have put him, and I will go and get him. Mary, Jesus said. She turned to him and cried out, Rabboni! (which is Hebrew for Teacher) (John 20:14-16).

Anyone writing a story to be accepted would not use witnesses with no credibility. So, witnesses for Jesus birth and resurrection are evidence that the gospels are accurate eyewitness accounts. The gospels tell it like it is, even if it might not make the best story.

There Is other evidence for Jesus life that shows the gospels are accurate eyewitness accounts. The fifth century Jewish Talmud (writings and discussions from first and second century rabbis) has the following: Jesus practiced magic and led Israel astray.

The good news is this: There is evidence for Jesus' birth, resurrection and life that shows the gospels are accurate eyewitness accounts. The bad news is that if these accounts are true and you reject Jesus, there will be eternal consequences to that choice.

The Bible is God's warning to us and shows us His provision for salvation and eternal life with Him. The historical and other evidence that give the Word authenticity are just more reasons to believe it.

This article was drafted by Craig Clark and adapted by Pastor Paul McKibben of Grace Community Church of Osage.

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DEVOTIONAL GUIDE: Is the Bible reliable? Ask the eyewitnesses - Park Rapids Enterprise

Big Bird, Chaim Walder, and the power of nuance – The Times of Israel

Posted By on January 2, 2022

In 1971, the famed Mr. Snuffleupagus made his first appearance on Sesame Street. Snuffy and Big Bird quickly became good friends. Their friendship was tender and charming, but for 14 years, no one believed that Big Birds friend was real. Adults on the show would be told about Snuffy, but every time Big Bird was ready to introduce them, Snuffy, coincidentally, disappeared. The ambiguous nature of Mr. Snuffleupaguss existence likely meant different things to different children, as did many of the shows running storylines. To some, he was similar to, and so normalized their imaginary playmates. To others, as Martin Robinson, who performed Snuffy since 1980 put it, He was shy, he had bad timing, and the joke was, hes big, you cant miss him, but adults being the way they are preoccupied, going to work, you know they miss those little details. And Snuffleupagus just happened to be one of those little details that they kept missing year after year.

Snuffys persona was an invaluable part of the classic show, and yet in the early 1980s, producers slowly began building up to the Snuffy reveal, in which Snuffy was finally accepted by those around him as real, and not imagined. The decision came as a reaction to the growing focus, and number of exposes on child abuse. As Executive Producer Carol-Lynn Parente said, The fear was that if we represented adults not believing what kids said, they might not be motivated to tell the truth. That caused us to rethink the storyline: Is something weve been doing for 14 years that seemed innocent enough now something thats become harmful? The reveal was slow, and psychologically strategic, and in Sesame Streets 17th season, cast member Bob McGrath tells Big Bird From now on, well believe you whenever you tell us something. It was not the first, nor would it be the last time the producers of Sesame Street reflected on the gravity of their role in childrens lives and reconsidered the messaging their plotlines were conveying. The producers of Sesame Street understood that education goes way beyond the ABCs.

* * *

Imagine the scene. A young, fresh, idealistic teacher walks into the classroom and tells her students to open their Bibles up to the second book of Samuel, chapter 11. They are going to pick up where they left off the week before, with King Davids impressive defeat of local enemy militias, and ascent to the throne in Jerusalem. Chapter 11 recalls the infamous story of Davids sighting of Batsheva on the roof, and his sleeping with her, even though she was a married woman. Batsheva becomes pregnant with Davids child, and after less violent attempts to cover up the affair fail, David has his chief military officer send Uriah, Batshevas unsuspecting husband, to the front lines. The memorandum David sends to his officer is explicit Uriah is not to come back alive.

It is not an easy chapter to get through, and many of her students, as anticipated, have questions. But this teacher has come prepared. After they finish reading the texts, she guides the students to the handouts on their desks and calls on the boy that waves his hand eagerly wanting to read aloud for the class. Anyone who says that David sinned [with Batsheba] is nothing other than mistaken. The quote the student reads is excerpted from the Babylonian Talmud (Shabbos 56a) and is at home with a string of texts that prove why those biblical personalities whom we may assume to be sinners are, in fact, anything but.

The Talmud employs creative prooftexts, and in the case of David, ingenious legal argumentation, which the teacher delves into during the 40-minute class. One girl, pipes in with a tradition she remembers that blames Batsheva for her lack of tzniut, modesty. Her bathing on the roof, the girl offers, echoing what she had learned in camp the previous summer, enticed David to do what he did. Its almost like she did it on purpose because she wanted to be queen. Some of the students are convinced, others voice their skepticism. The teacher creates a space for all the questions and comments, but makes sure to leave time for her closing argument on the matter. The people we read about in the Bible were on a different level than we are, she says, inculcating the dogma she had absorbed as a student, into her own teaching. If they were chosen by God, that means they were righteous. God knows more than we do, and its not for us to judge the actions of tzadikim, righteous people. The bell rings, the students rush off to their next lesson. Most dont give another thought to what had been discussed. Except for one.

You see, what the well-meaning teacher doesnt know is that the girl in the yellow turtleneck, who sits towards the back of the classroom on the left, wrestles with a dark reality that her smiling friends know nothing about. She wrestles with shame, and self-disgust, and terror every time the man who makes her feel that way walks into the room. Shes terrified of where he might be, or when he might show up. And yet somehow, he always does. And he always finds a way to get her alone. Shes thought, in her angriest moments, of getting up the nerve to tell someone about what he does to her. But she doesnt know how anyone would believe her. He is, after all, as her father often mentions in passing, a real tzadik.

* * *

Biblical interpretation is as old as the Bible itself. The library of interpretive literature is rich, and it is valuable. It adds color to otherwise bland stories, fills narrative gaps that left the reader wondering, and adds unforgettable detail to characters, allowing readers to connect to the text in thrilling ways. But it goes beyond that. Interpreters use the text of the Bible as a springboard for all sorts of didactic purposes. Being a people of the book implies the notion that our beliefs, our legal code, and more broadly speaking, our worldview, derive from an ancient text that has been preserved. For traditional Jews, the text itself is believed to have been written with varying degrees of Divine Revelation, and, as a result, all the truths humans are to discover, can be found embedded in the texts holy, multidimensional words.

Most of the interpretations, if approached with intellectual honesty, are thought-provoking. Many are deeply beautiful. Some are humorous; others outrageous. All have a context.

And context is so much more than provenance. Context implies the conscious and unconscious beliefs that feed into an interpreters reading of the text. It implies political considerations, views on race and gender, and it implies motivation. And thats important. Because when we understand context, we dont make the mistake of confusing interpretation, for the text itself. We understand that there is a difference between the Bible, and the way people, in ensuing centuries read the Bible. That there is a difference between the original text, and the way that text was analyzed, expanded upon, and adapted for various ideological and theological purposes. That type of understanding allows people to incorporate simultaneous truths. Like the truth that the Bible doesnt comprise a single perfect person. And the truth that later interpreters needed to create models of perfection to make the values they were espousing come alive. The truth that, in contrast to its neighbors, Biblical Israel did not see its king as any sort of demi-god, but as a person, who will inevitably make mistakes, and be punished for them. And also the truth that years after the Davidic dynasty was no more, its earliest kings morphed into larger than life figures in the collective imagination of those that so badly craved renewed independence under a Jewish monarch. The truth that a prophet of God told David that he sinned, and in the biblical text, David confessed to that sin. And the truth that biblical interpreters firmly believed that a community that respects the heroes of its past will have a future to look forward to.

Being able to hold on to partial, simultaneous truths is not simple, but it can be learned. It requires subtlety and nuance in a world where both seem scarce. But flattening biblical characters in the hopes of garnering reverence for them, whether we realize it or not, has the potential to communicate a very dangerous message, specifically by undermining one of the Bibles most important morals.

Imagine, if that teacher, had presented the same quote from the Talmud, but contextualized it for her students. Imagine if she had said, The Bible holds David accountable. David thought he could sin in secret and get away with it, but the Bible is clear about the fact that no one, not even Gods anointed, should ever get away with abusing power and preying on the vulnerable. Nothing replaces the biblical text. But now, lets move on and see how the story of what happened is used as a starting point for discussions about piety, and about divorce rites in the ancient world.

Imagine how differently things might have felt for the girl in the yellow turtleneck.

*Source: A Brief History of Sesame Streets Snuffleupagus Identity Crisis, by Marissa Fessenden. Smithsonian Magazine, November 20, 2015.

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Big Bird, Chaim Walder, and the power of nuance - The Times of Israel

Tracing The History Of Tel Aviv In Its Street Names – Themississippilink

Posted By on January 2, 2022

By Danya Belkin and Oreen Cohen

Whether you realize it or not, walking the streets of Tel Aviv can provide a compelling history of the city itself.

While most people use the names of the streets simply to navigate from one place to another, if you pause for a moment and take a deeper look, you will discover that the names of the roads, whether its Herzl Street, Dizengoff, or Sheinkin, all have their very own stories to tell.

Join us on a most unusual history tour of 11 Tel Aviv streets that help preserve the history of this lively, beach city.

ROTHSCHILD BOULEVARD

Rothschild Boulevard was named after French Jewish banker Baron Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild, a supporter of the Zionist cause and donor of land and money to the Jewish community in pre-state Israel.

Originally named Rehov HaAm (Street of the People), it was later renamed Rothschild Boulevard to reflect the generosity of the banker.

Built over 100 years ago, Rothschild Boulevard is one of Tel Avivs main tourist attractions and business hubs. Many of the buildings there are also rich in history, like Israels Independence Hall and Habima, Israels first national Hebrew theater.

The street also has a central strip with kiosks and bike and pedestrian lanes, as well as numerous coffee shops great for people-watching at the center of all the action. It is one of the most expensive streets in Tel Aviv, featuring the more luxurious shops and upscale housing.

HERZL STREET

Theodor Herzl, the father of modern political Zionism, was a role model to Polish jeweler Akiva Arie Weiss. It was Herzl who envisioned a city in the Jewish homeland named Tel Aviv.

In commemoration of his hero, Weiss chose to name a street in his honor and built his own house on this street as one of the founding planners of Tel Aviv in 1909. The following year, the famous Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium was built on the street, the first coed school to offer all studies in Hebrew.

Though the school was knocked down, Herzl Street is an eclectic street that is still jam-packed with historic buildings, including Tel Avivs first shopping center, and inside that, the citys first elevator.

Shalom Tower, Israels first skyscraper, also stands on this street and features colorful mosaics at its entrance.

DIZENGOFF STREET

Dizengoff Street was named after Tel Avivs first mayor, Meir Dizengoff, and was built during the 1930s as part of the original urban development plan of the city.

This iconic street holds much of the citys rich culture and history. This street is so popular that theres a Hebrew slang word lhizdangef, which means to stroll down Dizengoff.

Though the streets fortunes have risen and fallen over the years, Dizengoff remains one of the most popular in Tel Aviv, full of boutiques, excellent cafes, and designer shops and wedding boutiques.

The extensive renovation of the beautiful Dizengoff Circle has brought the street very much back to life. It is always lively and full of young people.

BOGRASHOV STREET

Bograshov Street earned its name from Haim Boger (Bograshov). He was elected in 1921 to serve as a representative to the Tel Aviv City Council and the Assembly of Representatives.

Boger helped establish Herzliya Hebrew High School. He also established the Nordic district in Tel Aviv for homeless individuals.

Bograshov Street is a thoroughfare crossing near the Nordic district. Its peaceful urban atmosphere attracts natives looking to live in the city as well as tourists on their way to the beach or heading toward the many quaint restaurants and shops along the way.

Bograshov was a humble gentleman and ultimately Hebraicized his last name to Boger after the street was named in his honor.

BIALIK STREET

Haim Nahman Bialik, who became known as Israels national poet, was already celebrated in the Holy Land even before coming to Israel from Ukraine, via Germany, in 1924. He wrote poetry primarily in Hebrew but also in Yiddish.

This street, formerly known as Bezalel Street, is the site of Bialiks house, a famous building that contains a library with all his books, articles, letters and paintings.

Apart from its historical connections, Bialik Street is also noteworthy for being one of the most beautiful streets in Tel Aviv. Many of the neighborhoods were built by Jewish immigrants in styles they were familiar with, like columns or arches on the exterior of buildings, which make them all the more elegant!

BEN GURION BOULEVARD

Ben-Gurion Boulevard received its name from the founding father of Israel, David Ben-Gurion. He served as the nations first prime minister and minister of defense between 1931 and 1953.

On this street stands the former home of Ben-Gurion, known as the Ben-Gurion House, which now serves as a historic house museum to honor his legacy.

There are also lovely paths for runners, bikers, and walkers featuring rows of shaded trees and petite wooden benches to along the way. Ben Gurion Street is definitely more relaxing compared to the other Tel Aviv streets usual bustling atmosphere.

HAVIVA REIK STREET

Haviva Reik was a Slovakian parachutist who was sent behind enemy lines by the Jewish Agency and Britain to resist German occupation in Europe in 1944.

She established a camp for Russian prisoners of war who had escaped and helped to organize a Jewish resistance unit. She was eventually captured and killed.

In 1952, in commemoration of her accomplishments, her remains were buried in Israel. Numerous streets, such as this one, were named after her.

LEAH GOLDBERG STREET

Leah Goldberg Street was named after a Lithuanian woman who had a love for the Hebrew language from a young age. She became fluent in seven languages which led her to a career as a literature translator.

Goldberg is most known for her childrens literature, specifically her poetry, some of which has been put to music. She earned the Israel Prize in 1970, following her death from cancer at age 58. One of her childrens books, Room for Rent, is still popular in Israel today.

ESTER HAMALKA (QUEEN ESTHER) STREET

Ester Hamalka Street, known in English as Queen Esther Street, was named after the famous Jewish leader Queen Esther of the Persian Empire. She is known for her significant role in the holiday of Purim and is one of only two women after whom a book of the Bible was named.

The street embodies her royalty in its elegant simplistic buildings and luscious greenery. Unlike most of the apartments in Tel Aviv, the ones lining Ester Hamalka Street are tucked away in quietude with little pedestrian disturbance. However, they are still close to all the action of the city.

HAMELECH (KING) GEORGE STREET

Named after King George V who reigned during the British Mandate of Palestine, King George Street is a well-known Tel Aviv spot due to its central location.

Originally known as Carmel Street in the 1920s after Carmel Market, it was changed to King George Street in 1935 to mark the occasion of the kings silver jubilee. However, Carmel Market still remains an integral point of attraction for this city, and people from all over Israel go there to enjoy authentic Israeli food and some of the freshest fruits and vegetables around.

Many of the buildings on this street are in Bauhaus style, an iconic architectural movement that originated from German-Jewish immigrants in the 1930s.

King George Street is a more affordable option than Rothschild Boulevard. Although rather crowded with people either passing by or visiting the hip new cafes and trendy boutiques, King George Street has a friendly vibe.

SHEINKIN STREET

Sheinkin Street was given its name in 1925 in honor of Menahem Sheinkin, a Zionist who helped to found Tel Aviv in 1909 and supported the integration of artisans as valued pioneers.

Many of the buildings on this street were built in the 1920s in the International (Bauhaus) style.

During the 1980s, many of Tel Avivs alternative music, theater and dance groups began their careers as street performers on Sheinkin Street. They helped turn this into one of the liveliest streets on Tel Aviv, hosting some of Israels most unique designers and modern bites to eat.

From insane bakeries to custom jewelry shops, you can be sure to find what youre looking for. But just a fair warning: There are always people crowding this narrow street, especially over the weekend, so be prepared for some jostling.

Read about more Tel Aviv street names here.

Produced in association with ISRAEL21c.

The post Tracing The History Of Tel Aviv In Its Street Names appeared first on Zenger News.

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Tracing The History Of Tel Aviv In Its Street Names - Themississippilink

Here are the Most Popular Baby Names in Tennessee – rutherfordsource.com

Posted By on January 2, 2022

Stacker released a study of the most popular girls and boys names in Tennessee using data from the Social Security Administration. Names are ranked by the number of babies in 2020.

In the top ten boy names, the most popular name is Liam for Tennessee which is also ranked number one in the nation followed by William and Elijah. The top spot for girl names is Olivia which is also the number nationwide followed by Ava and Amelia.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 449 Change since 2015: +37.3% Highest rank since 2000: #1 in 2020

National Rank: #1 Number of babies: 19,65

2. WilliamWilliam is a name of Germanic origin meaning vehement protector.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 447 Change since 2015: -15.3% Highest rank since 2000: #1 in 2019

National Rank: #5 Number of babies: 12,541

3. ElijahElijah is a name of Hebrew origin meaning Yahweh is God.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 370 Change since 2015: -10.8% Highest rank since 2000: #2 in 2017

National Rank: #4 Number of babies: 13,03

4. JamesJames is a name of Hebrew origin meaning supplanter.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 368 Change since 2015: -16.4% Highest rank since 2000: #2 in 2018

National Rank: #6 Number of babies: 12,250

5. NoahNoah is a name of Hebrew origin meaning rest.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 337 Change since 2015: -15.8% Highest rank since 2000: #3 in 2019

National Rank: #2 Number of babies: 18,25

6. OliverOliver is a name of Latin origin meaning olive tree planter.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 292 Change since 2015: +26.4% Highest rank since 2000: #6 in 2020

National Rank: #3 Number of babies: 14,147

7. HenryHenry is a name of German origin meaning estate ruler.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 281 Change since 2015: +45.6% Highest rank since 2000: #7 in 2020

National Rank: #9 Number of babies: 10,70

8. LeviLevi is a name of Hebrew origin meaning joining.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 271 Change since 2015: +0.4% Highest rank since 2000: #8 in 2020

National Rank: #18 Number of babies: 9,005

9. GraysonGrayson is a name of English origin meaning son of the steward.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 264 Change since 2015: +22.8% Highest rank since 2000: #8 in 2018

National Rank: #35 Number of babies: 7,424

10. JohnJohn is a name of Hebrew origin meaning Yahweh has been gracious.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 257 Change since 2015: -19.4% Highest rank since 2000: #8 in 2019

National Rank: #27 Number of babies: 8,180

1. OliviaOlivia is a name of Latin origin meaning olive tree.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 402 Change since 2015: -2.7% Highest rank since 2000: #1 in 2020

National Rank: #1 Number of babies: 17,535

2. AvaAva is a name of Latin origin meaning bird.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 366 Change since 2015: -12.0% Highest rank since 2000: #1 in 2019

National Rank: #3 Number of babies: 13,084

3. AmeliaAmelia is a variation of Amalia, derived from the Germanic word amal meaning work.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 346 Change since 2015: +47.9% Highest rank since 2000: #3 in 2020

National Rank: #6 Number of babies: 12,704

4. EmmaEmma is a name of German origin meaning universal.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 343 Change since 2015: -28.1% Highest rank since 2000: #1 in 2018

National Rank: #2 Number of babies: 15,581

5. HarperHarper is a name of English origin meaning harp player.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 282 Change since 2015: -5.4% Highest rank since 2000: #3 in 2019

National Rank: #10 Number of babies: 8,778

6. CharlotteCharlotte is a name of French origin meaning free man.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 265 Change since 2015: +35.9% Highest rank since 2000: #6 in 2019

National Rank: #4 Number of babies: 13,003

7. EvelynEvelyn is a name of English origin meaning desired.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 225 Change since 2015: +26.4% Highest rank since 2000: #7 in 2019

National Rank: #9 Number of babies: 9,445

8. IsabellaIsabella is a name of Hebrew origin meaning devoted to God.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 216 Change since 2015: -24.2% Highest rank since 2000: #1 in 2010

National Rank: #7 Number of babies: 12,066

9. SophiaSophia is a name of Greek origin meaning wisdom.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 215 Change since 2015: -22.7% Highest rank since 2000: #4 in 2014

National Rank: #5 Number of babies: 12,976

10. EleanorEleanor is a name of Greek origin meaning bright.

Tennessee Number of babies in 2020: 200 Change since 2015: +75.4% Highest rank since 2000: #10 in 2020

National Rank: #22 Number of babies: 6,335

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Here are the Most Popular Baby Names in Tennessee - rutherfordsource.com

In new job, the Anthony Fauci of the New York City Council aims to fight COVID and antisemitism – Forward

Posted By on January 2, 2022

Mark Levine, a term-limited councilman from Manhattan, is battle tested. In his two campaigns for the City Council, Levine, who is Jewish, was subject to vitriolic antisemitic attacks from a primary rival. I have confronted explicit antisemitism in politics before and Ive proven that we can beat it, he said after his re-election. And just as he was preparing to be sworn in as Manhattan Borough President on Saturday, Levine contracted COVID for the second time.

If I can get hit by Omicron, anyone can, Levine, who has been vaccinated and received the booster, said in a recent interview. He described his symptoms as relatively mild but said that he still felt knocked down for a couple of days. I shudder to think what this would have been like if I hadnt had the protection of the vaccine.

It is that fighting spirit that Levine brings to his new position. He pledged to use every tool at my disposal to confront some of the very big challenges ahead the citys recovering from the COVID-19 health crisis and combating a surge in antisemitism.

Levine, 52, has represented New York Citys 7th Council District in northern Manhattan since 2014. In his first term, he served as chair of the New York City Jewish Caucus, a conference founded in 2001 that consists of the Jewish members of the council. Levine used his senior position to increase funding for a program that provided protection to houses of worship and schools, and passed a bill that requires the New York Police Department to include a category for hate crimes in its reporting on neighborhood crime statistics.

He was a lead sponsor of legislation to create the Office for the Prevention of Hate Crimes, which was opened in the summer of 2019 after a rash of incidents across New York City, and recently called on the city to increase the budget of that office, headed by Deborah Lauter. He also pushed for increased funding for an initiative that benefits Holocaust survivors, known as the Elie Wiesel Holocaust Survivors Initiative.

Image by Jeff Reed/NYC Council

Councilman Mark Levine chairs the Committee on Health Hearing on Feb. 7, 2019

In 2017, after failing a bid to become speaker of the council, Levine became chair of the councils health committee. Since the coronavirus outbreak in March 2020, Levine devoted his time to inform the public about testing sites, engaged in a personal way with his followers on social media about the virus and strongly advocated for a more aggressive rollout of vaccination and for mask and vaccine mandates. In a recent Washington Post profile, a former colleague described him as the Anthony Fauci of the New York City Council.

Levine said his belief in science and his social activism come from his late father, Marshal, who was a physician and from his mother, Adele, who marched with Martin Luther King Jr in Selma in 1965. Those two value streams have really come together for me over the last two years, said Levine, who majored in physics at Haverford College and the University of Seville in Spain. Public health is where science meets social activism. I deeply regret that my father wasnt around for the last few years to be a partner for me, but I have channeled him a lot.

The office of the borough president is a relatively ceremonial one. But among the responsibilities are appointing community board members, issuing advisories on land use, convening task forces to discuss weighty issues, and sponsoring legislation before the council.

Levine, who succeeds the very active Gale Brewer, who has been mistakenly identified as Jewish, is determined to use his elevated position to continue the work of the past eight years.

Image by Benjamin Kanter/Mayoral P...

New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio signs a bill sponsoerd by Councilman Mark Levine in the Governors Room at City Hall on June 26, 2018.

Manhattan is this little tiny island which plays a massively outsized role in Jewish history, he said. So much of Jewish life was defined here, from the Jewish role in the labor movement to its role in the areas of arts, medicine and business. Some of the most well known synagogues and congregations in the world are here, and theres an incredibly vibrant Jewish presence here.

Among his priorities is using the office as a bully pulpit to speak out forcefully against hate and defend the Jewish community in wake of a steady rise in antisemitism. Antisemitic incidents made up 37% of hate crime incidents in New York City this year, and saw an increase of more than 50% compared to 2020, according to recent NYPD crime statistics.

Levine noted that there are fewer Jewish elected officials in the next council seven members compared to 14 members in 2014 and 12 in the prior election. But that doesnt diminish the agenda, he said.

He said he is going to continue to be incredibly outspoken on Jewish-related issues and stand up against bigotry. I take very seriously the fact that Ill be a Jewish president of a borough that has a huge and important Jewish community, Levine said. It is a role that I will cherish.

Levine is fluent in Hebrew and Spanish, being married to his wife Ivelisse, who is Hispanic. He said he studied Hebrew on his own because he felt it was part of his Jewish identity and it made it easier for him to communicate with his cousins in Israel.

I have an absolute love affair with Hebrew, Levine said. It has enriched my life in many ways. He often speaks in Hebrew at Jewish events and follows the Israeli media closely.

Image by Mark Levine/Facebook

Councilman Mark Levine at the swearing of then State Sen. Brian Benjamin in Harlem on Feb. 25, 2019.

He said he plans to use his Hebrew-speaking skill to connect with Israelis living in the city, The amount of Hebrew I hear on the streets of Manhattan never ceases to amaze me, he said.

And he also sees the role of borough president as promoting stronger ties between New York and Israel.

Now fully recovered from his bout with COVID, Levine couldnt hide his excitement to hit the ground running in the new year. I still cant believe Im going to have this opportunity, he said. It probably is not going to feel real until I get off the elevator on the 19th floor of the David Dinkins Municipal Building on January 1.

Bonus: Levines preferred bagel schmear is: Horseradish cream cheese on an everything bagel. And amid the citywide cream cheese shortage, he is fine with a little lox and capers.

See the article here:

In new job, the Anthony Fauci of the New York City Council aims to fight COVID and antisemitism - Forward

Facing omicron spike, Bay Area synagogues weigh their options J. – The Jewish News of Northern California

Posted By on January 2, 2022

With omicron cases rising in the Bay Area, some synagogues are pondering shutting their doors again to in-person services and some already have.

But while case numbers are high, the lower severity of omicron Covid means synagogues are each taking a different tack in balancing safety and the importance of community after a long season of Zoom fatigue.

Things are very much up in the air right now, said Barbara McGee, president of Conservative Congregation Beth Ami in Santa Rosa.

The omicron variant, which was discovered by South African researchers in early November, has already become the dominant strain of Covid in countries around the world, including the U.S. Its thought to be more easily transmissible, but less severe than the delta variant. At a Dec. 29 press conference, Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said healthy, vaccinated people appear unlikely to be hospitalized by omicron, especially if they have had a booster shot.

This past week Marin, San Francisco, Alameda, and Contra Costa Counties made an about-face regarding their state-sanctioned exemption from the temporary statewide mask mandate, as breakthrough cases of omicron surge in fully vaccinated people. Those counties now require masks at virtually all indoor activities.

Synagogues across the Bay Area are coming up with different responses.

On Dec. 23, Kehilla Community Synagogue in Piedmont announced that in-person services would be paused for January, with all events going back to Zoom-only.

Congregation Beth Shalom, a Reform synagogue in Napa, is also going virtual through mid-January, starting this Shabbat.

We continue to take an approach of life with modification, recognizing that spiritual, communal, and emotional stability are an essential part of our health

Beth Jacob Congregation, an Orthodox synagogue in Oakland, is continuing in-person services, according to a statement from their reopening committee. (Orthodox synagogues do not permit Zoom or other audio or visual transmission on Shabbat and holy days.)

We continue to take an approach of life with modification, recognizing that spiritual, communal, and emotional stability are an essential part of our health and wellbeing. By adhering carefully to Alameda County guidelines, we can continue to prioritize the physical health of the community and enhance the joyous moments that will bring us together in the coming months, the statement said.

Conservative Congregation Beth Sholom of San Francisco announced Dec. 29 that Shabbat morning services will continue for vaccinated congregants, or those with a negative Covid test, but the usual childcare wont be available.

Our world has gotten more complicated again, an email to the community said.

McGee in Santa Rosa said Shabbat services at Beth Ami are still in-person.We are not requiring boosters for congregants but we are for all staff, she said.

At Reform Congregation Emanu-El in San Francisco, congregants were informed via email that in-person attendance in the main sanctuary would be capped at 350 (the room seats 1750), and surgical or K/N95 masks are to be worn at synagogue, as cloth masks would no longer be accepted.

Because omicron is more transmissible than previous variants, the CDC recommends taking greater precautions to avoid the coronavirus, which includes discontinuing the use of cloth masks and instead utilizing surgical or N/KN95 masks, Nika Greenberg, director of business operations at Emanu-El wrote.

Emanu-El will still require all attendees to show proof of full vaccination, and strongly encourages getting a booster. Children under five who are ineligible for vaccines will be required to show a negative Covid test taken within 72 hours of coming to the synagogue. Food will be off-limits, and those hosting visitors, or traveling out of town, are asked to not visit the synagogue for ten days upon their return, or the visitors departure. (The CDC this week shortened recommended quarantine periods from 10 to five days.)

In general our rules have always been slightly stricter than whats required, Greenberg said.

Some synagogues are taking a mixed approach.

Congregation Beth Am in Los Altos Hills is requiring that everyone attending its masked services in the main sanctuary show theyve received their booster doses. The services will also be live-streamed. All events involving food are moving outdoors; a large tent is going up on the outdoor patio so that bnei mitzvah families can still enjoy a kiddush lunch. Any out-of-towners attending will be asked to take a rapid Covid test that same day.

Rabbi Mark Bloom of Conservative Temple Beth Abraham in Oakland is also offering indoor services for fully masked attendees and streaming those services online. Bloom told J. he felt that, given the size of the sanctuary, people could distance themselves safely inside.

But the synagogue is delaying the start of its Kindergym toddler program and wont hold Kiddush lunches inside (recent Kiddushes were outside, but rainy and cold weather has scotched that practice).

The constantly evolving recommendations and requirements are daunting.

On Dec. 20, Congregation Bnai Shalom in Walnut Creek announced that masks would not be required for indoor services, although those who dont mask must pass a rapid Covid test within the previous 24 hours; that was before Contra Costa County restored indoor mask requirements this past week.

We rely on the medical opinion of our experts and follow the guidance from Contra Costa County, said Stuart Kirsch, the executive director of the congregation. We continue to monitor news and regulations and adjust accordingly.

View original post here:

Facing omicron spike, Bay Area synagogues weigh their options J. - The Jewish News of Northern California

UK warned it would recognize Palestine if Israel annexed West Bank, book reveals – The Times of Israel

Posted By on January 2, 2022

The United Kingdoms ambassador to the United States warned the Trump administration in June 2020 that if Israel went forward with plans to annex large parts of the West Bank, London would officially recognize the State of Palestine, a new book has revealed.

The message was passed along by Karen Pierce in a meeting she held with then-US president Donald Trumps Mideast peace envoy Avi Berkowitz and Iran special envoy Brian Hook on June 12, 2020, Israeli journalist Barak Ravid wrote in his book Trumps Peace.

Berkowitz and Hook were dispatched to meet with Pierce by then-senior White House adviser Jared Kushner. While the Trump administration was being inundated by calls from world leaders warning the US against allowing then-prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu to go forward with plans to begin annexing parts of the West Bank on July 1, 2020, it was the response from the UK that went further and was most surprising to the Americans, the book claimed.

Ravid speculated that the UK recognizing Palestine would likely have led other countries in Europe such as France and Spain to do the same a domino effect of legitimacy for the Palestinian Authority that Israel has long feared.

Netanyahu announced his plans to annex large parts of the West Bank at the start of 2020, ostensibly under the auspices of the Trump peace plan though Ravid has reported that the administration was caught off guard by the move and strongly opposed it.

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The book suggests that while Kushner was not supportive of the annexation move, the feeling in the administration at the time was that there was no way to stop Netanyahu from carrying it out.

A day before his meeting with Pierce, Berkowitz met with a group of senior German diplomats who expressed their utter opposition to the annexation plan. I told them, go to the Palestinians and tell them that annexation is advancing. Ask them what they want us to try and get for them in exchange, Berkowitz recalled in Ravids book.

Ramallah had severed its ties with Washington years earlier following Trumps recognition of Jerusalem as Israels capital.

Illustrative: Then-prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu speaks during an event with then-US president Donald Trump in the East Room of the White House in Washington, DC, on Tuesday, January 28, 2020, to announce the Trump administrations much-anticipated plan to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

Ravids book revealed the extent to which Trump opposed Netanyahus annexation plans.

According to Ravid, Trumps ambassador to Israel David Friedman had encouraged the Netanyahu government to annex parts of the West Bank, without running the plan by the president or Kushner both of whom were opposed to the idea.

Trumps Peace, by Barak Ravid

With Friedmans support in mind, Netanyahu announced his annexation plans at the unveiling ceremony for Trumps peace plan at the White House in January 2020.

Trump and the peace plans architect, Kushner, were caught completely off guard by Netanyahus declaration, the book said.

The Trump peace plan did envision Israel annexing all of its settlements along with the Jordan Valley as part of a final status agreement. But it did not give a clear timeline, and it did not stipulate that the move would take place right off the bat, as Netanyahu planned to do.

Annexation never came to be. In the days and weeks that followed, US negotiations with the United Arab Emirates would advance in a way that allowed Kushner to offer Israel normalization with the UAE in exchange for Netanyahu shelving his annexation plans an offer the ex-premier ultimately accepted.

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UK warned it would recognize Palestine if Israel annexed West Bank, book reveals - The Times of Israel


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