Jewish American Heritage Month

Posted By admin on December 13, 2021

Marc Gellman| Monroe News-Star

This year marks my 50th year as a rabbi. If you are not a paleontologist or an astronomer, 50 years is a long time and my colleagues from my ordination class have all pitched in to share their memories and lessons from a half a century of working in the fields of the Lord. The danger here is obvious. I dont want to trivialize a lifetime in the rabbinate with a few banal and trivial observations and yet 50 years is time enough to have learned things that only clergy (of any faith) can learn. Here are some of those things that have floated to the top of my soul.

The only way to be a good rabbi is to have a deep belief in God. I remember one of our God Squad shows where my dear friend FatherTom Hartman(may his memory be for a blessing) and I interviewed some rabbinical students from my seminary. Tommy asked them if they believed in God which I thought to be a weird question to ask them considering their choice of career, but their answers were deeply disturbing to him and to me. Most of them were just not sure if God existed. They even defended their agnosticism by saying that they thought their future congregants would appreciate and identify with a rabbi who shared their doubts. I had never seen Tommy angry in the 25 years of our friendship, but he was angry that day, Why would anyone join a synagogue where the rabbi did not believe what Judaism teaches? What comfort will they be able to bring to them? God is the source of our hope! he said. Adonay tzuri v goali (the Lord is our rock and our salvation) I said. The social worker rabbinate and the positive psychology rabbinate and the secular Jewish peoplehood rabbinate never worked for me. I have learned and I have believed that the only reason to sacrifice what we have to sacrifice is the truth that with God we are never alone, never betrayed, and never abandoned. No job is worth what we give as rabbis but the rabbinate is not a job it is a calling to make Gods words real in a broken world.

I also learned that death is not the end of us. Again it was Tommy who taught me or more accurately reminded me that The Christian belief in Heaven was born from and is virtually identical to the Jewish belief inOlam Ha Bah(The World to Come). I am still surprised and disappointed by the undeniable fact that Christians are taught about Heaven more than Jews are taught about The World to Come. The belief that we will not be separated forever from those we love is the only hope that can survive the grave. The only response to human finitude that gives us strength to face our death and the death of those we love is the belief that the end of our journey here is not the end of our souls journey there.

I learned that trying is all that matters. Everything else is just not our business (TS Elliot). The shrinkage of the Jewish people, synagogue membership, and love of Zion are all bracing challenges but none of them matters a wit. All that matters is that we get up every day and try to make Jews, and to make Jews who are already made more spiritually literate. Whether my labors were enough to tip the scales and bring about a worldwide revival of Jewish life and faith is not an important question for me. All I cared about was trying every day to teach the truth that Judaism is the answer to every important need we possess.

I learned that there are many paths up the same mountain. My work on the God Squad with Tommy was a big step in what used to be called interfaith dialogue. Actually, it should be called spiritual friendship. We always tried to share with our audiences and in our show onHBOHow Do You Spell God? our shared belief that we know enough about how we are different and not enough yet about how we are all the same. Although I believe that Judaism got more things right than any other faith, it just seemed obvious to both of us that God did not give all the truth to just one faith. When our contact with other faiths is limited to the annual interfaithThanksgivingservice, we deprive ourselves of the wisdom of other climbers up the same mountain. What they have learned can help us and what we have learned can help them. Circling the wagons is a corrosive temptation and I am proud that I never succumbed to it.

I am grateful to God that I am a rabbi.

Send ALL QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS to The God Squad via email atgodsquadquestion@aol.com. Rabbi Gellman is the author of several books, including Religion for Dummies, co-written with Fr. Tom Hartman.

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God Squad: 50 years as a rabbi - The News Star

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Posted By admin on December 13, 2021

Going for drinks and desperate to build contacts, a staffer had asked about my background, and Id shared I studied an MA in Jewish History.

Before Id even finished speaking she had grabbed my jaw, tilted my head to the side to look at my nose and spat out you dont look Jewish.

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Her friends told me not to report it, stressing I was new and they could be useful.

This was a Tory staffer grabbing me in public to judge my Jewishness, at a time it was supposedly only the Labour party that had a problem.

It took place during the Corbyn years, when antisemitism cases in the Labour party became the new normal, in a tenure that broke friendships and made whataboutery an acceptable excuse for racism.

So many apparent progressives did not care, deciding their ideology was worth more than the experiences of Jews.

It was a depressing, draining time, with the avalanche of antisemitism on Twitter a constant in my life both personal and professional.

Growing up in rural Somerset, there were no Jews that I knew of, yet the word managed to exist as a slur among my peers.

It was a slight without understanding, as children shouted it when people picked money off the floor, or cried Jew goal when someone squared the ball for a tap in on Fifa.

Eventually studying an MA in Jewish History, this meant devouring Holocaust texts and realising modules named relations between Jews and non-Jews through time were actually about a history of mass murder.

When my mum and I went to get my laptop fixed ahead of my course, the repair man asked what do you want to be studying them for?.

He added hed been to the death camps, complained there was no thank you sign to those that rescued them, and demanded I explain why they did not overpower the guards armed with machine guns.

My mum pulled over on the way home to cry.

And its on my mind again, after Jewish teenagers on a bus were spat at by a gang of men.

All these things have pushed me closer to Judaism, transcending from an interest to a responsibility.

I did not grow up Jewish, and my knowledge was limited solely to it being the faith of my grandparents.

It was getting enough beigels to bring home from the cities, my grandmas Jewish cookbooks, and my grandpas Yiddish outbursts.

My background was something my mum ordered me not to mention, stressing there were places we were not safe and the need to always have a suitcase ready.

My family fled persecution in the early 1900s from Mogilev, Hungary, where Himmler later oversaw the mass murder of Jews.

The other side ran from Lomza, Poland, which would lose its entire Jewish population.

Throughout my studies and the texts I read the theme was always remember what happened, and be proud of who you are despite everything.

And I feel that weight, I carry that defiance, yet feel guilty as if I have no right to it.

The late, great Rabbi Sacks once said Judaism was about belonging without believing.

I would like to believe I can belong.

Alexander Brown is a columnist with Scotland on Sunday and Westminster Correspondent with The Scotsman

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Experiences of antisemitism brought me closer to the faith of my family - Alexander Brown - The Scotsman

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Posted By admin on December 13, 2021

HOLLYWOOD BEACH, Florida Defense Minister Benny Gantz said Friday that he told senior US officials in Washington this week that Iran is a global problem that requires a global solution, in an effort to combat a growing narrative that places Israel at the center of the Iranian problem.

I used every occasion [during my trip to Washington] to emphasize: Iran is first and foremost the biggest threat to global and regional peace and stability, and only then is it a threat to Israel, Gantz said in remarks before the Israeli American Councils national summit in Florida.

Explaining the remark, the defense minister said that the chronology of his statement was purposeful.

It should not be seen as Israels problem, nor one requiring a solution from Israel. The world is facing a problem and the world has to solve it, he said while clarifying that Israel must also stall prepare any means necessary to act against Iran.

The international community, with US leadership, must stand together and act forcefully against Irans hegemonic aspirations and nuclear program and restore stability for the sake of global peace, he told the IAC.

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It was unclear whether Gantzs remarks represented the position of the entire government as there have been subtle, yet pointed differences in the defense ministers comments regarding Iran, compared to those made by Prime Minister Naftali Bennett and Foreign Minister Yair Lapid.

Defense Minister Benny Gantz (L) and US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin meet at the Pentagon on December 9, 2021. (Defense Ministry)

Lapid, and particularly Bennett have been more forceful in their rhetoric against Iran and against ongoing talks in Vienna aimed at reviving the multilateral nuclear deal known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action.

After holding a phone call with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken last week, Bennett issued a fiery statement in which he said he told the top US diplomat that Iran was utilizing nuclear blackmail in the Vienna talks and that therefore Washington should initiate an immediate cessation of negotiations.

In the days after the call, Gantz began making public statements in which he asserted that Israel has no greater ally than the US and that he trusts that the Biden administration will not allow Iran to acquire a nuclear weapon.

He pushed a similar message Friday in his IAC address, saying both Blinken and Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin expressed their ironclad commitment to the security of the Jewish state when he met them in Washington earlier this week for meetings on Iran.

Israels leadership, and myself within it, will never take that for granted or stop working to protect ongoing, bipartisan support for Israel, Gantz said.

Turning to Israels relations with Diaspora Jewry, the defense minister warned that support for Israel can no longer be taken for granted.

I can assure you that Israels government is committed to strengthening relations with our Jewish brothers and sisters in the US and around the world. Israel is the home of all Jews and the Kotel is long enough for all of us, he said, in a nod to demands from leaders of the non-Orthodox streams of Judaism who have called on the government to implement a long-frozen deal to formalize an egalitarian prayer pavilion at the Western Wall.

In 2016, former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahus government approved a compromise deal to create the pavilion, with representatives of non-Orthodox streams of Judaism sharing an oversight role, after years of negotiations between Israel and Diaspora leaders. But a year later, Netanyahu capitulated to pressure from his ultra-Orthodox coalition partners and indefinitely froze the deal.

Prime Minister Naftali Bennett has not publicly endorsed the deal, but ministers of his government have pledged to see it through.

FILE: Minister Naftali Bennett unveils a temporary platform built for pluralistic prayer at the Western Wall in Jerusalem in August 2013. (Ezra Landau/Flash90)

While it was initially seen as an easier task given the lack of Haredi parties in the new unity government, but the ultra-Orthodox parties have launched an aggressive public campaign against the deal, posing it as a threat to Judaism, and some of the right-wing members of the government such as Zeev Elkin, Ayelet Shaked and Matan Kahana are reportedly balking in their support.

Government ministers initially assured the agreements supporters that the matter would be raised once the coalition passed a budget. But that took place early last month and no timetable has been set for when the compromise might be re-implemented.

Gantz went on to express concerns over the spike in antisemitic attacks in the US that followed the May Gaza war.

He noted the new trend of antisemitism presenting as anti-Zionism and said Israel has an obligation to take action in a variety of ways from helping to catch attackers to collaborating with social media platforms to remove antisemitic content.

But here again, the work of Israels government alone is not enough. We must stand united my friends, in facing this new wave of antisemitism, he said. Our Stars of David must never be hidden beneath our shirts, our Kippot [skullcaps] should never be removed for fear of physical or verbal attacks and our flags of Israel should always wave proudly.

Pro-Palestinian demonstrators assault Jews at a sushi restaurant in Los Angeles on May 19, 2021. (Screen capture: Twitter)

Notably, Gantzs latter message was in stark contrast to one made by the Biden administrations acting antisemitism envoy Aaron Keyak.

Days after the Gaza war that spurred a rise in antisemitic attacks in the US and elsewhere, Keyak who is Orthodox tweeted, It pains me to say this, but if you fear for your life or physical safety take off your kippah and hide your Magen David (Star of David). (Obviously, if you can, ask your rabbi first.)

Its important that those who wear kippot dont feel more pressure to put our lives in unnecessary actual danger especially when actions are attempting to be grounded in halacha. Given the rise in Jew-hatred and antisemitic attacks, we must stand with all Jews, he added.

Keyak, who did not hold official office at the time of his remark, was appointed last month to serve as deputy antisemitism envoy and has effectively been heading the office since, amid the Republican holdup of US President Joe Bidens nominee Deborah Lipstadt.

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Posted By admin on December 13, 2021

by Kandice Carter, Jefferson Lab Communications Office | December 9, 2021

Neutrinos may be the key to finally solving a mystery of the origins of our matter-dominated universe, and preparations for two major, billion-dollar experiments are underway to reveal the particles secrets.

Now, a team of nuclear physicists have turned to the humble electron to provide insight for how these experiments can better prepare to capture critical information. Their research, which was carried out at the U.S. Department of Energys Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and recently published in Nature, reveals that major updates to neutrino models are needed for the experiments to achieve high-precision results.

William & Mary members of the team and co-authors on the Nature paper are Timothy B. Hayward, who received the Ph.D. in physics in 2021, and his doctoral advisor, Keith A. Griffioen, a professor in the universitys Department of Physics. Other members of the William & Mary physics department are part of numerous other neutrino experiments.

Neutrinos are ubiquitous, generated in copious numbers by stars throughout our universe. Though prevalent, these shy particles rarely interact with matter, making them very difficult to study.

There is this phenomenon of neutrinos changing from one type to another, and this phenomenon is called neutrino oscillation. Its interesting to study this phenomenon, because it is not well understood, said Mariana Khachatryan, a co-lead author on the study who was a graduate student at Old Dominion University.

One way to study neutrino oscillation is to build gigantic, ultra-sensitive detectors to measure neutrinos deep underground. The detectors typically contain dense materials with large nuclei, so neutrinos are more likely to interact with them. Such interactions trigger a cascade of other particles that are recorded by the detectors. Physicists, including several faculty members of William & Marys physics department and their students, can use that data to tease out information about the neutrinos.

The way that neutrino physicists are doing that is by measuring all particles coming out of the interaction of neutrinos with nuclei and reconstructing the incoming neutrino energy to learn more about the neutrino, its oscillations, and to measure them very, very precisely, explained Adi Ashkenazi, the studys contact author who worked on this project as a research scholar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She is now a senior lecturer at Tel Aviv University.

The detectors are made of heavy nuclei, and the interactions of neutrinos with these nuclei are actually very complicated interactions, Ashkenazi said. Those neutrino energy reconstruction methods are still very challenging, and it is our work to improve the models we use to describe them.

These methods include modeling the interactions with a theoretical simulation called GENIE, allowing physicists to infer the energies of the incoming neutrinos. GENIE is an amalgam of many models that each help physicists reproduce certain aspects of interactions between neutrinos and nuclei. Since so little is known about neutrinos, its difficult to directly test GENIE to ensure it will produce both accurate and high-precision results from the new data that will be provided by future neutrino experiments, such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) or Hyper-Kamiokande.

To test GENIE, the team turned to a humble particle that nuclear physicists know a lot more about: the electron.

This exploits the similarities between electrons and neutrinos. We are using electron studies to validate neutrino-nucleus interaction models, said Khachatryan.

Neutrinos and electrons have many things in common. They both belong to the subatomic particle family called leptons, so they are both elementary particles that arent affected by the strong force -- one of the four known fundamental interactions; the others being electromagnetism, the weak force and gravity.

In this study, the team used an electron-scattering version of GENIE, dubbed e-GENIE, to test the same incoming energy reconstruction algorithms that neutrino researchers will use. Instead of using neutrinos, they used recent electron results.

Electrons have been studied for years, and the beams of the electrons have very precise energies, said Ashkenazi. We know their energies. And when we are trying to reconstruct that incoming energy, we can compare that to what we know. We can test how well our methods work for various energies, which is something you cant do with neutrinos.

The input data for the study came from experiments conducted with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Labs Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, a DOE user facility. CEBAF is the worlds most advanced electron accelerator for probing the nature of matter. The team used data that directly mirrored the simplest case to be studied in neutrino experiments: interactions that produced an electron and a proton (vs. a muon and a proton) from nuclei of helium, carbon and iron. These nuclei are similar to materials used in neutrino experiment detectors.

Further, the group worked to ensure that the electron version of GENIE was as parallel as possible to the neutrino version.

We used the exact same simulation as used by neutrino experiments, and we used the same corrections, explained Afroditi Papadopoulou, co-lead author on the study and a graduate student at MIT who is also in Hens research group. If the model doesnt work for electrons, where we are talking about the most simplified case, it will never work for neutrinos.

Even in this simplest case, accurate modeling is crucial, because raw data from electron-nucleus interactions typically reconstruct to the correct incoming electron beam energy less than half the time. A good model can account for this effect and correct the data.

However, when GENIE was used to model these data events, it performed even worse.

This can bias the neutrino oscillation results. Our simulations must be able to reproduce our electron data with its known beam energies before we can trust they will be accurate in neutrino experiments, said Papadopoulou.

Khachatryan agreed.

The result is actually to point out that there are aspects of these energy reconstruction methods and models that need to be improved, said Khachatryan. It also shows a pathway to achieve this for future experiments.

The next step for this research is to test specific target nuclei of interest to neutrino researchers and at a broader spectrum of incoming electron energies. Having these specific results for direct comparison will assist neutrino researchers in fine-tuning their models.

According to the study team, the aim is to achieve broad agreement between data and models, which will help ensure DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande can achieve their expected high-precision results.

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Posted By admin on December 13, 2021

In one of Tel Avivs most affluent neighbourhoods, a collection of ramshackle one-storey homes with rusting roofs known as Givat Amal Bet still sits in the shadow of the high-rise towers looming above.

Israels economic centre has recently been named the worlds most expensive city to live in, overtaking Paris and Singapore in the 2021 rankings compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). As the Mediterranean citys reputation as a global tech hub continues to attract foreign investment, however, and prices for goods and services soar as Israels economy makes a strong recovery from the pandemic, locals fear the widening gap between rich and poor is pushing out working-class residents and creating damaging new social divisions.

Tel Avivs status as the worlds most expensive metropolis, up from fifth last year, is in large part a result of global inflation and supply chain issues caused by Covid-19 shutdowns. The shekel has gone from strength to strength thanks to the weakened dollar, Israels large current account surplus, and foreign direct investment in the tech sector that is expected to reach $30bn (22.7bn) by the end of the year.

Givat Amal Bet is the starkest example of the areas changing demographics. During the 1947-48 war surrounding the creation of the Israeli state, the residents of the Palestinian village of al-Jammasin al-Gharbi, which once stood there, fled to avoid the fighting. Newly arrived Jewish refugees and migrants from around the Middle East and north Africa, known as mizrahim, were asked to settle in their place as a buffer against the Arab armies.

The displaced Palestinians were later denied the right to return, so the mizrahim stayed and named their new home Givat Amal Bet. Unlike other villages that were absorbed into the municipality as Tel Aviv grew, however, the 40 or so working-class families living there were never allowed to purchase the land on which their homes were built. Despite paying city taxes, they have had irregular access to services such as water and electricity and were banned from altering or upgrading their homes.

The community is still fighting a decades-long legal battle for compensation with development companies, the state and the Tel Aviv municipality, but the last of the neighbourhoods residents were forcibly evicted from their homes last month.

When my parents came from Damascus we were asked to settle here to help the state, said Yossi Cohen, 68, who in November was dragged by police out of the house in which he was born. Israels first prime minister, David Ben-Gurion, had promised that we would be rewarded, that we would keep our homes, he said. But during the eviction, most of the contents of his house were dumped outside, and a fence now stops anyone from going in.

We have fought discrimination from the Ashkenazi [Jews of European heritage] our whole lives. We live on some of the most expensive land in Tel Aviv, so they try force us off, the same way they do with the Arabs.

Two high-rise towers have been built on the edge of Givat Amal Bet since 2005. Three more are planned to meet the demand for office space and luxury apartments.

The EIUs assessment of Tel Avivs affordability doesnt even factor in surging local property prices and the shortage of purchasable land, said Asaf Mualem, the owner of the real estate company Menivim Israel. In the last two years our prices have become double what you see on shows like Selling Sunset in Los Angeles. We are talking 65,000 shekels [16,000] per square metre, he said.

The foreign investment is coming from the tech sector, the Jewish diaspora in France and the US and a new influx of money from the UAE, Mualem said: the wealthy Gulf state, along with Bahrain, Morocco and Sudan, signed US-brokered peace agreements with Israel in 2020.

Even rich local people are getting priced out, and its not going to stop. I think prices will go up another 30% before the bubble bursts, he said.

Gentrification is a problem in cities across the world, but Israels recent political paralysis has compounded Tel Avivs housing crisis. No public housing has been built in the last two years, even though 30,000 people are on waiting lists.

Israel was founded as a socialist state, but we have abandoned those principles. I do more of a job finding vulnerable people places to live than the entire housing ministry, said local activist, Riki Kohan Benlulu.

They started selling off public housing in the 80s, which is when the gap started growing. Safety nets are the price of civilisation. Now its like going to hospital, but instead of giving you medicine, they make you sick.

Standing outside his former home in Givat Amal Bet, Cohen was not sure what the future holds for the neighbourhood or the residents associations battle for compensation.

We have a saying in Hebrew, we talk about a land that eats its inhabitants. Well, the ones up there, theyre the ones who feed on us, he said, pointing at the tower developments.

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Tel Aviv: poverty and eviction in the worlds most expensive city - The Guardian

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Posted By admin on December 13, 2021

By Noah Sheidlower and Radhika Marya, CNN

Leonardo Nourafchan wanted to do something different. After trying out jobs in real estate, the California native knew he wanted to break into the food industry, starting with catering from his home and creating blogs.

He worked long hours in the kitchens of New York restaurants, including Mikes Bistro and Alenbi, then finally opened his Israeli restaurant Charcoal Grill & Bar in Los Angeles.

Nourafchan snuck Mexican-influenced dishes inspired by the areas culinary scene onto his kosher menu. These included lamb shawarma tacos, which he said were incredibly popular. The restaurant shut down at the beginning of the pandemic, but by May 2020, Nourafchan was testing a new kosher Mexicali concept out of his former meat suppliers kitchen.

Lennys Casita, a kosher Mexican restaurant, officially launched in July 2021.

Its kind of like a cross between a kosher Chipotle and Taco Bell, which are the things that I used to eat as a kid, Nourafchan told CNN.

Nourafchan said his street food-inspired menu which boasts carne asado tacos with pico de gallo, chipotle honey wings and Mediterranean pitas called arayis is part of a larger kosher food revolution happening nationwide. In cities such as New York, Chicago, Miami and Baltimore, restaurants are redefining both kosher and Jewish food more than ever, pulling from traditionally non-kosher cuisines such as Chinese, Japanese, French and Italian.

These kosher restaurants are attracting more than just Orthodox Jews the kosher restaurant owners CNN spoke to noted that a large part of their clientele are younger non-Jews looking to try innovative dishes.

Whereas before you had gefilte and cholent and your kosher deli, now youre getting a whole range of cuisines, Nourafchan said, adding that many previously non-kosher chefs are adding their multicultural spin on kosher cooking.

People are willing to value and appreciate traditional, authentic new food in a way that I dont think kosher Jews were interested in, in the past, he said. All that combines together to support a market thats allowing creative people like me to do my stuff.

Kosher food has become significantly more accessible over the past decade, according to Elan Kornblum, president of Great Kosher Restaurants Magazine, who runs a popular Facebook group about kosher restaurants. He attributes this to social media that has presented kosher cooking as healthier and cleaner, the growing creativity of kosher chefs, and increased accessibility of kosher ingredients.

Today, there are over a million ingredients that are certified kosher by many agencies, according to Roger Horowitz, author of Kosher USA. At supermarkets, 30% to 40% of items are kosher-certified, Horowitz said. Many Orthodox rabbinical organizations have embedded kosher requirements into food manufacturing, incorporating modern science into centuries-old Jewish law.

Kosher laws state that dairy cannot be eaten within six hours of meat. Land animals must chew their cud and have cloven hooves, according to the Torah, which disallows pork and rabbit. Fish must have fins and scales, including tuna, salmon and sea bass.

Horowitz told CNN that as many Jews arrived to the US in the early 1900s, the integration of kosher food guidelines became a measure of their acceptance into American society, where Jewish dietary codes were at odds with predominantly Christian culinary traditions.

The incorporation of kosher requirements into food manufacturing and supply chains has made it possible for many ingredients to be kosher-certified, especially those not traditionally associated with Jewish food.

The certification of kosher meat was particularly challenging, according to Horowitz. While meats like pork are out of the question, there are many requirements for how poultry must be killed, which differ from processing procedures followed by mass producers. Beef is a greater problem because Jewish law prohibits the consumption of blood once the animal has been killed, so only the forequarters are permitted. The small number of kosher beef manufacturing centers has contributed to much higher prices for kosher beef than non-kosher beef.

By and large kosher certified spaghetti sauce, take that example, there is no price difference from the non-kosher spaghetti sauce, Horowitz said. Instead, in the meat area, youre paying a penalty, a surcharge for the Jewish religious requirements.

Some kosher products like Manischewitz wine were instrumental in winning over non-Jewish consumers. Others like Jell-O had long and contentious journeys to become kosher.

Horowitz noted that glycerin, an ingredient found in everything from soft drinks to ice cream, was originally considered non-kosher because it was a byproduct of soap manufacturing and a product of animal fats. Because of scientific developments, glycerin from vegetable oil or petroleum is kosher, and Coca-Cola and other products could be certified.

Kosher food options have expanded at relatively marginal cost increases because of advances in manufacturing, which make it easier to detect if ingredients are contaminant-free. The scope of what is considered Jewish food has grown beyond just Ashkenazi cooking from Eastern Europe to reflect the diversity of Jews and the range of Jews who probably eat French food or Italian food daily, Horowitz said.

Many innovative and culturally diverse kosher restaurants have opened this year across the US. Although these restaurants expose many diners to previously unfamiliar dishes or styles of cooking, this experimentation comes with some risks and costs, according to a few owners.

Bryan Gryka is the principal owner and executive chef of Milts BBQ for the Perplexed in Chicago, with many dishes inspired by Grykas upbringing in Arkansas. The menu includes options such as a 16-hour smoked brisket sandwich, Noshville hot chicken and applewood-smoked half chicken. Because of high kosher meat costs, which have shot up during the pandemic, menu prices have increased as well.

Gryka took to social media to explain exactly how prices break down to make numbers more transparent. He has also posted about why restaurants use, for example, frozen French fries, or why they implement charges for cancellation.

For certified kosher restaurants, frequent closures on Friday nights and Saturdays for Shabbat as well as on all Jewish holidays can amount to major revenue losses. Milts is closed about 100 days per year, according to Gryka, making it harder to compete with others that are open all year.

We do a lot of catering and events, and in terms of economics, its a huge reason weve been successful, the ability to be able to do stuff outside of our four walls, because a lot of places if you dont have the catering, its so limited the ways you can survive and be somewhat profitable, Gryka said.

Soho Asian Bar and Grill, a contemporary Chinese- and Japanese-inspired eatery in Aventura, Florida, loses about 80 days out of the year. But according to owner Shlomi Ezra, having such a large menu at the one-stop shop featuring sushi, dim sum, noodle dishes, and steaks allows Soho to cater to a large kosher crowd that is largely unfamiliar with Asian flavors.

Sohos commitment to serving everyone in the community, including those affected by the Surfside condo collapse last summer, has also helped because it attracts a large non-kosher crowd.

I dont see any difference between a regular restaurant and a kosher restaurant, Ezra told CNN. The restaurant has to be good, the service needs to be good, the food has to be on point so people dont forget you.

Josh Kessler worked primarily in non-kosher restaurants around New York City after graduating from the Culinary Institute of America. But he decided to pull from his experiences in French cooking to open a kosher bistro that could hold up to any of the other non-kosher restaurants that Ive worked in my career.

At Barnea Bistro, Kessler is cooking up dishes such as beef tartare, Hamachi crudo, lamb riblets and duck breast with wild mushroom risotto, in addition to Italian-inspired entrees like black truffle ravioli and short rib gnocchi.

Kessler uses cashews as a dairy replacement and pulls from vegan cooking techniques for dishes like polenta fries with truffle honey. He drew from French techniques for his menu because he noticed that more kosher Jews are willing to step out of their comfort zones and experience new flavor profiles.

Whether its video, whether its pictures, or whether its the Food Network or the Cooking Channel, [kosher Jews] are exposed to what the rest of the world is eating, and it happens to be that kosher people want an opportunity to be progressive in that way and get at least an exposure in the best way that they can to those different types of world cuisines, Kessler said.

This was one of the goals of Nir Weinblut, who is of Turkish and Italian heritage and is the owner of kosher Italian restaurant La Gondola in Beverly Hills. As one of Los Angeles first Italian kosher restaurants opened in 1992 La Gondola over the years has pulled from Asian, Mediterranean and California cuisines, creating dishes such as candied beef bacon, penne al arrabiata, jambalaya pasta and pastramied salmon.

Our objective was to take out all the cheese, and we did not want to do any substitutes because theres no way in the world, especially back then, to be able to make fake a fettuccine alfredo if you have such bad substitutes, Weinblut said.

In studying his heritage, Weinblut found that Italian cooking does not use as much cheese as most would think when you think Italian, you think everything has five pounds of mozzarella thrown on the food. Instead, he relied more on vegetables and fruit while thinking up dishes.

This still required some creative solutions. For instance, because kosher supervision does not allow chefs to use entire artichokes due to the number of bugs in the heart, La Gondola improvised to use just artichoke bottoms.

Weinblut told CNN that because he chooses not to present La Gondola as kosher first, lunch clientele has been about 80% non-kosher. He sees La Gondola as one of the leaders in Los Angeles kosher revolution.

At Serengeti in Baltimore, a kosher steakhouse that blends Southern and ethnic African flavors, showcasing the possibilities of kosher cooking could not be more important, according to co-owner Lara Franks. Born and raised in South Africa, Franks and her husband Larry wanted to capture the complexities of South African foodways in a kosher restaurant setting.

They pull from Dutch, Malaysian, Portuguese, and Indigenous recipes for dishes like Cape Malay vegetable samosas, Mozambique-inspired Peri Peri chicken, Cape Town chicken breast biryani and South African bobotie.

Theres no need to feel that if you keep kosher, you should automatically feel that you are somehow hardened or disadvantaged because you cant fully experience a particular dish or kinds of cuisine, Franks said.

Almost anything can have a kosher translation.

The-CNN-Wire & 2021 Cable News Network, Inc., a WarnerMedia Company. All rights reserved.

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Match ends, Feyenoord 2, Maccabi Haifa 1.

92' Second Half ends, Feyenoord 2, Maccabi Haifa 1.

91' Yellow card Mimeirhel Benita (Feyenoord) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.

91' Foul by Mimeirhel Benita (Feyenoord).

91' Rami Gershon (Maccabi Haifa) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

90' Goal de Dean David (2-1) Goal! Feyenoord 2, Maccabi Haifa 1. Dean David (Maccabi Haifa) right footed shot from a difficult angle on the left to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Ali Mohamed El Fazaz. Feyenoord 2 Mac. Haifa 1

87' Lennard Hartjes (Feyenoord) wins a free kick on the left wing.

87' Foul by Ali Mohamed El Fazaz (Maccabi Haifa).

87' Attempt Attempt missed. Lutsharel Geertruida (Feyenoord) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the left. Assisted by Antoni Milambo following a corner.

86' Corner, Feyenoord. Conceded by Ofri Arad.

86' Attempt Attempt missed. Godsway Donyoh (Maccabi Haifa) left footed shot from outside the box misses to the right. Assisted by Ali Mohamed El Fazaz.

85' Attempt Attempt saved. Naoufal Bannis (Feyenoord) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the top right corner.

84' Corner, Feyenoord. Conceded by Roei Mashpati.

84' Attempt Attempt saved. Aliou Balde (Feyenoord) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the top right corner.

83' Hand ball by Yuval Ashkenazi (Maccabi Haifa).

82' Attempt Attempt missed. Cyriel Dessers (Feyenoord) left footed shot from the left side of the box is too high. Assisted by Naoufal Bannis.

81' Mimeirhel Benita (Feyenoord) wins a free kick in the attacking half.

81' Foul by Ali Mohamed El Fazaz (Maccabi Haifa).

80' Corner, Feyenoord. Conceded by Ofri Arad.

78' Substitution Substitution, Feyenoord. Aliou Balde replaces Reiss Nelson.

77' Attempt Attempt missed. Dolev Haziza (Maccabi Haifa) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the right. Assisted by Godsway Donyoh.

76' Attempt Attempt blocked. Cyriel Dessers (Feyenoord) left footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked.

75' Corner, Maccabi Haifa. Conceded by Mimeirhel Benita.

75' Attempt Attempt blocked. Dean David (Maccabi Haifa) right footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Adar Azruel.

73' Attempt Attempt missed. Dolev Haziza (Maccabi Haifa) right footed shot from outside the box is high and wide to the left. Assisted by Dean David.

72' Yellow card Maor Levi (Maccabi Haifa) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.

71' Antoni Milambo (Feyenoord) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

71' Foul by Maor Levi (Maccabi Haifa).

70' Substitution Substitution, Maccabi Haifa. Godsway Donyoh replaces Ben Sahar.

70' Substitution Substitution, Feyenoord. Antoni Milambo replaces Joo Teixeira.

69' Offside, Feyenoord. Cyriel Dessers tries a through ball, but Naoufal Bannis is caught offside.

68' Attempt Attempt saved. Cyriel Dessers (Feyenoord) left footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Reiss Nelson.

66' Offside, Maccabi Haifa. Maor Levi tries a through ball, but Dolev Haziza is caught offside.

66' Corner, Maccabi Haifa. Conceded by Mimeirhel Benita.

64' Goal de Reiss Nelson (2-0) Goal! Feyenoord 2, Maccabi Haifa 0. Reiss Nelson (Feyenoord) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Naoufal Bannis. Feyenoord 2 Mac. Haifa 0

62' Foul by Joo Teixeira (Feyenoord).

62' Ali Mohamed El Fazaz (Maccabi Haifa) wins a free kick in the attacking half.

60' Corner, Feyenoord. Conceded by Ofri Arad.

60' Foul by Ramon Hendriks (Feyenoord).

60' Dolev Haziza (Maccabi Haifa) wins a free kick on the right wing.

59' Foul by Mimeirhel Benita (Feyenoord).

59' Sean Goldberg (Maccabi Haifa) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

59' Attempt Attempt saved. Dolev Haziza (Maccabi Haifa) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Maor Levi.

58' Substitution Substitution, Maccabi Haifa. Adar Azruel replaces Yosef Raz Meir.

58' Substitution Substitution, Maccabi Haifa. Dean David replaces Jos Rodrguez.

55' Substitution Substitution, Feyenoord. Lennard Hartjes replaces Fredrik Aursnes.

55' Substitution Substitution, Feyenoord. Sem Valk replaces Marcos Senesi.

55' Attempt Attempt missed. Yuval Ashkenazi (Maccabi Haifa) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Dolev Haziza following a fast break.

54' Corner, Feyenoord. Conceded by Ofri Arad.

53' Attempt Attempt blocked. Joo Teixeira (Feyenoord) left footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Mimeirhel Benita.

51' Foul by Fredrik Aursnes (Feyenoord).

51' Dolev Haziza (Maccabi Haifa) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

50' Yellow card Joo Teixeira (Feyenoord) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.

50' Foul by Joo Teixeira (Feyenoord).

50' Ben Sahar (Maccabi Haifa) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

49' Corner, Feyenoord. Conceded by Rami Gershon.

49' Attempt Attempt blocked. Reiss Nelson (Feyenoord) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Cyriel Dessers.

45' Foul by Mark Diemers (Feyenoord).

45' Jos Rodrguez (Maccabi Haifa) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

45' Substitution Substitution, Feyenoord. Mimeirhel Benita replaces Marcus Pedersen.

45' Substitution Substitution, Maccabi Haifa. Ali Mohamed El Fazaz replaces Mohammad Abu Fani.

45' Substitution Substitution, Maccabi Haifa. Sean Goldberg replaces Taleb Tawatha because of an injury.

45' Second Half begins Feyenoord 1, Maccabi Haifa 0.

47' First Half ends, Feyenoord 1, Maccabi Haifa 0.

46' Attempt Attempt saved. Reiss Nelson (Feyenoord) left footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Ramon Hendriks.

42' Corner, Feyenoord. Conceded by Taleb Tawatha.

41' Yellow card Mark Diemers (Feyenoord) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.

41' Foul by Mark Diemers (Feyenoord).

41' Maor Levi (Maccabi Haifa) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

38' Joo Teixeira (Feyenoord) wins a free kick in the attacking half.

38' Foul by Jos Rodrguez (Maccabi Haifa).

37' Goal de Dessers (1-0) Goal! Feyenoord 1, Maccabi Haifa 0. Cyriel Dessers (Feyenoord) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Mark Diemers. Feyenoord 1 Mac. Haifa 0

36' Attempt Attempt missed. Reiss Nelson (Feyenoord) left footed shot from the left side of the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Joo Teixeira.

29' Yellow card Mohammad Abu Fani (Maccabi Haifa) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.

29' Foul by Mohammad Abu Fani (Maccabi Haifa).

29' Mark Diemers (Feyenoord) wins a free kick in the attacking half.

24' Attempt Attempt missed. Reiss Nelson (Feyenoord) right footed shot from the centre of the box is too high. Assisted by Naoufal Bannis.

24' Attempt Attempt blocked. Joo Teixeira (Feyenoord) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.

24' Hand ball by Maor Levi (Maccabi Haifa).

22' Attempt Attempt saved. Cyriel Dessers (Feyenoord) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Lutsharel Geertruida.

22' Attempt Attempt saved. Cyriel Dessers (Feyenoord) header from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Mark Diemers with a cross.

19' Attempt Attempt saved. Cyriel Dessers (Feyenoord) left footed shot from the left side of the six yard box is saved in the centre of the goal.

18' Attempt Attempt saved. Joo Teixeira (Feyenoord) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Naoufal Bannis.

15' Corner, Feyenoord. Conceded by Jos Rodrguez.

11' Offside, Maccabi Haifa. Mohammad Abu Fani tries a through ball, but Ofri Arad is caught offside.

10' Foul by Mark Diemers (Feyenoord).

10' Maor Levi (Maccabi Haifa) wins a free kick on the left wing.

9' Corner, Maccabi Haifa. Conceded by Lutsharel Geertruida.

8' Hand ball by Mark Diemers (Feyenoord).

8' Foul by Cyriel Dessers (Feyenoord).

8' Ofri Arad (Maccabi Haifa) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

6' Attempt Attempt missed. Naoufal Bannis (Feyenoord) left footed shot from the centre of the box misses to the right. Assisted by Marcos Senesi following a corner.

6' Corner, Feyenoord. Conceded by Taleb Tawatha.

1' Dolev Haziza (Maccabi Haifa) wins a free kick on the left wing.

1' Foul by Fredrik Aursnes (Feyenoord).

First Half begins.

Lineups are announced and players are warming up.

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Feyenoord 2-1 Mac. Haifa: results, summary and goals - AS English

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(Jewish Journal via JNS) I was 16 when I first visited Israel with my mother. She spent most of the trip coming between me and aggressive young Israeli men who thought it was cute when I said, Shalom, korim li Tabby (Hi, Im Tabby) with a French accent because I couldntand still cantroll my R like a true sabra.

To say that my mother was stringent about my dating life (or lack thereof) is a hilarious understatement. No boys, no drugs, only education was her motto for raising two daughters in America. That, and Shove this steak into the meat grinder while its still cold.

But one afternoon in Israel, my mother spotted an IDF soldier near the Western Wall, who introduced himself as Yitzhak, and she all but pushed me into his arms. You want to go to a club with me? he asked brazenly. I looked at my mother and blushed. Go ahead! she cried, and placed his arm around my shoulder. This, coming from a woman who begged me not to hold hands with my soon-to-be-fianc a decade and a half later, fearing he would get the wrong message.

Each time my mother sees an IDF soldier, whether in Los Angeles or on the Internet, she slaps her cheek and says in Persian, Ghorboon-et beram (May I be sacrificed for you). Its the Persian version of Israeli mothers who run after their beloved children, yelling kapparah!

What is it about Israeli soldiers that drives my mother crazy in the best possible way?

On Nov. 6, I attended a wonderful luncheon in honor of IDF soldiers organized by Friends of the IDF (FIDF) Western Region at Nessah Synagogue in Beverly Hills. The event was entirely sponsored by Simon Etehad and his wife, Malissa. Etehad, who left Iran at the age of 10, loves Israel with a kind of affection thats utterly remarkable.

A local attorney, Etehad has been involved with FIDF for 20 years and formerly served as vice president of FIDF Western Region. Hes participated in multiple FIDF missions to Israel and helped organize soldiers visits to the United States to meet with various Jewish communities, whether at schools or synagogues. His first FIDF luncheon at Nessah was in 2004. He even met Malissa at an FIDF event.

Each year, FIDF coordinates a visit by a delegation of up to a dozen soldiers to visit the United States. In Los Angeles, the soldiers are guests of honor at the annual FIDF Gala. On Shabbat, they join hundreds of Iranian American Jews at Nessah for services and a fancy lunch, as only Persians can pull off (think sushi chefs next to a gourmet meat-carving station). The trip was canceled last year due to the pandemic, but resumed this year, though it only included four soldiers, who spent nearly a month in the United States, traveling to cities such as Chicago, New York, Palm Beach, Los Angeles and San Francisco.

We at FIDF, are incredibly grateful for the outpouring of love and support that the Los Angeles community provides to Israels soldiers. And this year was no exception, Executive Director Jenna Griffin told me. Together, we are sending a clear and strong message to these brave soldiersthat we stand wholeheartedly behind them in their protection of Israel.

I was thrilled to meet the 2021 delegation: Lieutenant S., who serves in the IDFs Home Front Command; Corporal A., a self-described troubled kid who now serves as a commander in the Educational Corps; and a father and son duothe father, Lt. Colonel Y., is an F-16 pilot; his son, Corporal J., serves in the 947th Iron Dome Battalion. This past May, while his father was conducting aerial missions to protect the Jewish state, Corporal J. and six other soldiers were protecting over 200,000 Israelis from Hamas rockets by operating an Iron Dome battery in the south.

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As I watched hundreds of attendees at Nessahs annual Shabbat luncheon give the soldiers one standing ovation after another, I had an epiphany: This is extremely unusual. In fact, it defies all reason and sensibility.

Do those around the world who identify as French or Francophile, but who dont live in France, attend events in support of the French army and embrace French soldiers as their own children? Are Korean Americans moved to tears upon meeting young Korean soldiers in Los Angeles? Could there even be an event that united Muslims in support of one army? (There are over 50 Muslim-majority countries worldwidewhich army would be representative of 1.9 billion people?)

But there they were, hundreds of Jews at a Shabbat luncheon99 percent of whom werent Israelicrying and cheering and hugging Israeli soldiers with an unconditional love reminiscent of family bonds. Why?

Why wouldnt a little old woman in Quebec run into a French soldier and kiss his or her hand? Why arent there branches of FROK (Friends of the Republic of Korea Army) in the United States? Why wouldnt a Muslim child from Bangladesh make a hand-written card of gratitude and shyly present it to an Afghan soldier? Do Catholics in Colombia sponsor visits by members of the de facto military of the Holy See in Vatican City?

And in what universe does a woman who was born in Tehran hug a 20-year-old Ashkenazi Israeli soldier so tightly that he nearly gasps for air? The answer is simple, yet eternal.Whether Iranian, Argentinian, Russian or Polish, most Jews are connected to Israel because its the only Jewish state in a world of nearly eight billion people. And, as the army of the Jewish state, love for the IDF defies nationality. That is something I cant say for any other army.

The ancient rabbis taught the value ofmaaseh avot siman labanim (the deeds of the parents are an example to their children, Etehad told me. Our parents and grandparents set an example for us, and the Iranian Jews love for Israel and IDF is unmatched. I say this as someone who has, for years, taken these soldiers to different synagogues, schools and various other events to both shine a light on what our IDF does for us and raise both awareness and support.

The Nessah luncheon raised $250,000 for FIDF and elevated the attendees as well the soldiers themselves. For Etehad, supporting Israeli soldiers involves as much heart as it does logic.

I have always said, if the Islamic Republic of Iran can spend one billion dollars a year to support Hezbollah and other terrorist organizations, we Iranian Jews should each raise a million dollars a year to support Israel and our IDF soldiers.

Tabby Refael is a Los Angeles-based writer, speaker and civic-action advocate. Follow her on Twitter@RefaelTabby

This article first appeared in theJewish Journal.

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Being The Ricardos may try its best but the new filmwritten and directed by Aaron Sorkincontains a host of problems.

First and foremost, Javier Bardem is from Spain, not Cuba. To have better representation, the actor playing Desi Arnaz should be from Cuba. Depending on who you speak with, this is potentially a major problem. Sorkins opinion on the mattersee interview link belowis that Spanish and Cuban arent actable. He believes that the same also applies to his feelings on gay and straight. Not everyone agrees when it comes to casting but for what its worth, Lucie Arnaz approves of Bardems casting. Think of it this way: its almost like casting an Ashkenazi Jew for the role of a Sephardic Jew or vice versa.

Two, writer-director Aaron Sorkin places three different events in the same week. But did they take place during the same week? Let me break it down for you:

Listen, Im all for biopics when they are good but its clear that Aaron Sorkin does not know what hes doing here. Making matters worse, per an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, is that the film is set in September 1952! One full year before shit hits the fan! Theres no denial that Lucy and Desi had their marital problems. No is there any doubt about their complex relationship between their private and professional lives. However, Sorkin combines too many incidents in telling this story. I love going behind the scenes of TV and film but Being the Ricardos does this the wrong way.

These issues not withstanding, I think Nicole Kidman does a fine job. I can certainly understand why people prefer Debra Messing. If the film were focusing on Balls comedy antics, Messing would probably be a better choice. She would be amazing in the role. However, this film puts the bigger focus on taking us behind the scenes. In fact, Sorkin didnt want a vocal or physical impersonation from anyone in the cast! Through Balls dialogue, we get a hint of Balls comedy genius. We also learn that she is not a fan of Donald Glass. One more thing: Donald Glass does not appear to direct a single episode of I Love Lucy according to IMDb.

One approach that Sorkin takes is certainly interesting. He weaves in interviews with Jess Oppenheimer, Madelyn Pugh, and Bob Carroll Jr. I assumed they were archival interviews but they are not so I really dont like this aspect of the film. Tony Hale, Alia Shawkat, and Jake Lacy portray them, respectively. J.K. Simmons and Nina Arianda round out the cast as I Love Lucy castmates William Frawley and Vivian Vance.

Theres a better way to glimpse into Lucy and Desis life but Being the Ricardos isnt it.

DIRECTOR/SCREENWRITER: Aaron SorkinCAST: Nicole Kidman, Javier Bardem, Jake Lacy, J.K. Simmons, Nina Arianda, Tony Hale, and Alia Shawkat

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Obituaries are supported by a generous grant fromSinai Memorial Chapel.Helen DucoffDec. 19, 1929Nov. 12, 2021Helen Ducoff

Helen Ducoff (ne Wohl), a Jewish educator and innovative creator of multimedia Jewish learning material, died Nov. 12 at age 91. Mrs. Ducoff was an adventurous traveler with her husband and had a great passion for beautiful crafts she collected from all over the world.

Born in New York, she lived in San Francisco for 30 years, where she earned a Master of Education and worked as Director of Hebrew Programs for the Bureau of Jewish Education, creating the first community Hebrew High School.

Mrs. Ducoff moved to West Orange, New Jersey, in 1978, where she led a Jewish education agency in West Caldwell. Mrs. Ducoff was the author and creator of the innovative book and video How to Read Hebrew and Love It, the creator and star of a cable show about Jewish culture which won a cable TV award and the author of a coloring book featuring the Hebrew alphabet, pages of which can be found colored and displayed in preschools everywhere.

Mrs. Ducoff was predeceased by her beloved husband of 62 years, Rabbi Bernard Ducoff, who was also a leader in Jewish education. The couple traveled extensively, especially in retirement, when they led Jewish holiday celebrations on cruises. She is survived by her daughter Miriam (Gerald) Smolen of Fairfax, VA; son Daniel (Ronni) Ducoff of Cleveland, OH; sister Roz (Martin) Abramov; and five grandsons. Contributions are suggested to Capital Camps at capitalcamps.org.

Frieda Reitman, age 93, died on Nov. 11, 2021 at Asbury Village in Gaithersburg, MD. Frieda Chaleff Reitman, ne Nassau, was born Sept. 19, 1928 in Manhattan, N.Y., the daughter of Sadie (Blatter) and Robert Nassau.

In 1948, at age 19, Frieda graduated from Hunter College with a B.A. in Economics, magna cum laude. She married Arnold (Arnie) Chaleff a year later. She also earned a M.A. in Economics from New York University and worked as an economic analyst for Standard Oil for six years until the birth of her first child.

Frieda and Arnie lived in the Bronx, NY until 1963 and then moved to Northern New Jersey. After Arnie died in a car accident in 1965, Frieda started teaching at Fairleigh Dickinson University. In 1973, she married Harold Tishkevich; they had only one year together before he succumbed to melanoma. In 1975 she married Julian Reitman and moved with her three children to Stamford, CT, where Julian and his two children resided.

In 1977, Frieda received her Ph.D. in Economics from the New School for Social Research. She continued teaching, first at the University of Connecticut in Stamford and then at Pace University in New York, where she was professor, Management Department chair, and Associate Dean of the Business School. Her major research was on the effect of gender on business managerial career paths and she particularly enjoyed teaching econometrics. Frieda loved words: books, crosswords, the New York Times and the New Yorker.

For those who had the privilege of knowing her, Frieda exemplified celebration of happy times, generosity of spirit, integrity, fairness, intellectual honesty and a commitment to finding pragmatic solutions.

In addition to her husbands and parents, Frieda was predeceased by her half-sister Lillian (David) Ray. Survivors include her children Norman (Annelyse) Chaleff, Marc (Ann Ginsberg) Reitman, Beverly (Richard) Rudman, Randa (Jean Noel) Reitman and Madeline (David Arfin) Chaleff, and grandchildren Michael, Aaron, Amanda, Nadine (Justin), Ethan, Ezra, Avi, Lauren (Jouke), Jason, Joshua, Nathan and Jeremy, and one great-grandson, Oane. If desired, donations in Friedas memory may be made to AAUW or HIAS.

Anne Zeman Strauss died peacefully at home on Wednesday, Nov. 17, 2021. Though she struggled with heart failure and progressive macular degeneration for many years, she lived a proud and independent life with alacrity, grace and indomitable courage. In her own words, she suffered from too many birthdays.

She was surrounded by her four daughters, Sandra, Debra, Susan and Laura. She is also survived by 11 grandchildren: Jared, Joelle, Isaiah, Kevin, Brett, Aaron, Eli, Hanna, Libby Rose, Samara and Tory; four sons-in-law: Jon, Craig, David and Jim; sister-in-law Margie; and niece and nephew Ellen and Paul.

Anne, daughter of Leonard and Rosetta Zeman, grew up in Chicago, Illinois. She graduated from Hyde Park High and Western Michigan University. In 1951, she married Sherman Strauss in Chicago, and shortly thereafter they journeyed to San Francisco and started their new life together.

Anne was a devoted daughter, sister, wife, mother, grandmother and dear friend. Her daughters were the center of her world. She was a homemaker extraordinaire and generously dedicated time to her communities. She was always game for adventure, traveling with Sherman to places both near and far. In her later years, she and Sherm moved to San Rafael, where she devoted herself to the Smith Ranch community that she so loved and which sustained her.

Contributions in Annes name may be made to Jewish Community Federation of San Francisco, Hebrew Free Loan of San Francisco, Macular Degeneration Association or any organization that is important to the donor.

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